Transcript Trial - Climate Change Action

Role of Agro-Meteorological Services in
Building up Climate Adaptive Capacities
R. P. Samui
DDGM and Scientist ‘F’
Agricultural Meteorology division
India Meteorological Department
Climate change & Agriculture – some facts
Global Warming is now a realty
Despite uncertainties, climate change is more
or less evident in terms of increasing extreme
weather events and large climate variability
Its impacts over next 100 years will be more
significant than past 100 years.
Agriculture Production Systems are more
vulnerable because of their sensitivity to climate
This could bring
managing
future
production
greater
climate
challenges for
& agricultural
Year
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
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1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
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1967
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1961
1958
1955
1952
1949
1946
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1940
1937
1934
1931
1928
1925
1922
1919
1916
1913
1910
1907
1904
D
e
E
1901
Monsoon R/F (% Dep)
All India Monsoon Rainfall (1901-2009)
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
Impact of ISMR anomalies on crop production
Impact of ISMR anomalies on Crop Production
ISMR
Anomaly
15.0
y = -0.0067x2 + 0.4884x
R2 = 0.5236
Crop Production Anomaly (%)
10.0
5.0
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
ISMR anomaly (%)
5
10
15
20
Crop
Production
(Impact) %
-20
-12.44
-15
-8.83
-10
-5.55
-5
-2.61
0
0.00
5
2.28
10
4.22
15
5.83
20
7.10
Area prone Natural
to different
Disasters
Natural Disasters
India Natural hazards
Weather Disasters 1980-2005
Disasters in India
Drought
Flood
Cyclone
Thunderstorm
Integration
Impact of Extreme
of Agrometeorological
Weather Events oninformation
Agriculture
 Agromet Services play important role,
particularly under extreme weather events.
 Contingency plan to tackle such events are
provided to the farmers.
 Agromet data are
information by ICT.
changed
into
 Providing Agromet products.
 Dissemination through multimedia.
useful
Impact of Extreme Weather Events
 Drought: Less recharge of soil moisture, reductions of stream flow,
reservoir levels, irrigation potential and availability of drinking water
 Flood : Depletion of oxygen available to the plant root zones causing loss
of plant vigour and growth
 High temperature (heat wave) adversely affect standing crops due to
heat stress & more ET demand.
 Cold waves : Crop damage due to extreme low temperature / frost.

Cyclone: Losses of cash crops, fruits and mechanical damage to the
horticultural crops and loss of soil fertility

Thunderstorms, hailstorms and dust storms hazardous to the crops due
to uprooting, breaking of leaves, deposition of sand.
Need of Need-based Real time Advisories
 Delineation of zones (micro level) prone to extreme events such as drought,
flood, heat wave, cold wave, cyclone, thunderstorms, etc.
 Cultivar Selection
 Advisories and contingency planning based on weather forecast
 Mitigation and adaptation strategies for each of the
events
 Re-sowing of crops
 Fertilizer application
 Spraying of pesticides
 Weeding/thinning at regular intervals
 Irrigation Scheduling
 Harvesting
 Transportation
adverse weather
The major activities undertaken by the Agricultural
Meteorology Division are:
Operational weather services to farmers.
Training in Agrometeorology.
Crop weather studies and preparation of crop
weather calendars.
Observational
archiving.
network,
data
generation
and
Technical assistance to various institutions which are
acting for the benefit of farming community.
Drought studies.
Pests and diseases study.
IMD
(NAASC, SAMC & AMFU)
District level
Block level Hub
Rural Knowledge Centre
Rural Families
Agro meteorological Advisory Bulletin for the State
of Punjab
For the period 07th to 10th May, 2010
Part II: Agro climatic zone wise
Agricultural/Agro meteorological Advisories
Issued on
Friday, 07th May, 2010
Sub-mountain undulating zone
Issued by
Meteorological Centre Chandigarh
In collaboration with
Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana &
Department of Agriculture, Punjab
Cotton
Complete sowing of recommended varieties/hybrids of cotton/desi cotton
including Bt cotton during upto 15th May as it ensures better yield, However
farmers are advised to withhold sowing of cotton for next 1-2 days as there
are chances of thundershowers. Sowing of cotton on ridges saves considerable
amount of irrigation water without reduction in seed yield.
Sugarcane
Control weeds in the plant as well as ratoon crop. Due to prevailing hot
weather conditions, sugarcane crop require frequent irrigations at 8 to 10
days interval. Apply 65 kg urea per acre to ratoon crop. Moisture
conservation may be done by spreading mulch in between cane rows. Use
wheat straw as mulch. This also checks the growth of weeds. If the iron
deficiency appeared in ratoon and plant crops in light textured soils, farmers
can control this by spraying the crop with 1.0 kg ferrous sulphate dissolved in
100 Iitres of water on the foliage. 2-3 sprays at weekly intervals are sufficient.
Oilseed
Complete the thrashing of mustard crop.
Animal
husbandry
If not already done, get your animals vaccinated immediately against Gal
Ghotu, black Quarter. Keep the animals in shade and provide clean fresh
drinking water ad lib. Animal should not be made to work during peak hours
of summer. Due to some stroke or if an animal starts bleeding from nose, do
not disturb it much and pour ice cold water over face and head and keep its
head lifted.
Provide double number of waterers to poultry birds for increasing space
to meet increasing requirement of water. Change the water frequently to
provide cool water. Sprinkling of water around the shed, more green area
surrounding this shed is helpful in reduction of heat. White washing of
poultry shed from outside will be helpful in reflecting the sun rays back from
the shed. Increase protein, minerals and vitamins in feed as the feed intake is
reduced during summer.
Met sub-divisions of the state
Pulses
As per IMD classification entire Punjab State
consisting of twenty districts has been taken as one
meteorological subdivision.
Horticulture
Farmers are advised to give need based irrigation to the crop. Control the
weeds by the recommended herbicides.
To maintain good health and ensure regular cropping in kinnow, the fruits on
young trees must be thinned out judiciously soon after setting. To avoid the
adverse effect of hot weather on fruit trees apply white-wash on the trunks of
the trees. To peach and plum trees give frequent irrigations for proper
development of fruit size and better quality. To grapes, apply irrigation at
weekly intervals during this month.
Agro-Meteorological
Advisories
for Drought Adaptation
Disasters
in India
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Community nurseries at points where water is available
Transplantation
Sowing of alternate crops/varieties
Ratooning or thinning of crops
Soil mulching if the break in the monsoon is very brief
Weed control
In situ water harvesting and/or run-off recycling
Broad beds and furrows
Inter-row and inter-plot water harvesting systems
Intercropping systems for areas where the growing season is generally
20 to 30 weeks
Development of agriculture on the basis of the watershed approach
Alley cropping
Advisories for agro-horticultural systems
watershed management for resource improvement and use
treatment of lands with soil conservation measures
alternate land use systems
forage production.
Agro-Meteorological Advisories for flood Adaptation
 Raft (bamboo and banana plant) for people/livestock/poultry
 Afforestation of the upper catchments areas of the rivers
 Construction of river embankments and the execution of multipurpose river valley projects.
 Construction of storage dams, reservoirs, embankments,
drainage structures as required at suitable locations
 Application of fertilizers like urea, muriate of potash for
standing crops after draining out excess water.
 Skip, if deemed appropriate, entire cropping season
 Sowing of short duration non-rice minor crop
 If cropping season is lost, start early for the next season
 Provide weather based agricultural insurance.
Adaptation Policy Framework
1.Adaptation at different levels in society.
2.Adaptation strategy and the process of
implementation.
3.Adaptation
policy
and
measures
for
developmental .
4.Adaptation to short-term climate variability and
extreme events toward reducing vulnerability to
long-term change.
5.Building adaptive capacity to cope with current
climate is one way of preparing society to better
cope with future climate.
Flexibility of APF
-Defining
project scope and design
-Assessing vulnerability under current
climate
-Characterizing future climate related risks
-Developing an adaptation strategy
-Continuing the adaptation process.
The framework focuses on the involvement of
stakeholders at all stages.
Adaptations Strategies
 New varieties: drought/ heat/ pest resistant
 Seamless Weather forecast
 Prediction of extreme events
 Forewarning of P&D out breaks & intensities
 Weather based Farm management
 Weather based Crop Insurance
Flag the issues
 The likely impacts of climate change have to
be conceptualized in agriculture planning &
management.
 Identify and quantify vulnerability of
crops/animals
 Crops not vulnerable now but could become
vulnerable in future
 Cultivar selection in tune
 with warmer climate
 More variable precipitation regime
 Pest/Disease dynamics
 Adjustment in planting time
 Mitigating the adverse impacts
Strategies
 Disseminate meteorological/climate
data/information on a large – scale;
 Suggest weather-based changes in cropping
systems/land uses to sustain agricultural
production;
 Encourage farmer groups to establish small
weather observatories in their villages;
 Employ crop-weather models dynamically to
advise farmers on improved animal/crop
management for sustainable agriculture in a
Decision Support System’s framework.
Mode of Dissemination
1. Mass Mode of Dissemination
All India radio
Television
Print Media
2. Outreach at Village level
- Ministry of IT Internet based Village
Connectivity
- MSSRF & other NGOs
3. Human face for advisory dissemination
- KVK (ICAR): Training + interaction
- DAO (SDA): Coordinate Farm inputs with Line
Function Dept. in rhythm of weather
forecast
- NGOs & other intermediary groups
- Web portals
- Awareness Programme
 All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan
 Private TV radio channels
 Mobile phone / SMS (Pull in & Push up)
 Newspaper
 Internet
 Kisan Call Centers/KVK/DAO
 Time criticality in dissemination
 Language of bulletins
 Frequent interaction & constant feedback
Mechanism of Feedback Information on AAS
Farmer’s Awareness Programme
on
Weather, Climate and Farmers
To make farmers more self-reliant in dealing with weather and climate information.
To increase the interaction between farmers and AAS providing agencies i.e. IMD, SAUs, ICAR
etc.
This programme has already been organized at 50 locations in 2009
The same will be organised in 80 stations by 2010
Conclusion
 To combat Climate Change improved prediction
needed for:
Extreme weather events
Shifting climatic regimes
 AAS Need to generate advisories on cultivar
selection in view of changing thermal regimes.
 Selection of sowing window.
 Develop appropriate management practices to cope
with extreme weather events.
 Develop forewarning system for P&D attack.