Transcript Himalayan Ecosystem

Global CC Challenge:
National Initiatives for
Building S&T Capacities
Akhilesh Gupta
Adviser & Head
Climate Change Programme
Department of Science & Technology
Ministry of Science & Technology
Government of India
Email: [email protected]
Global Climate Change:
Key Messages from AR5
(IPCC 2013, Fig. SPM.1a)
Observed Climate
Trends in India
All-India Temperature
Time Series
Source:
India Meteorological Department, National Climate Centre, Pune
2004
2001
1998
1995
1992
1965
1989
1986
1983
1980
1977
1974
1971
1968
1965
1962
1920
1959
1956
1953
1950
1947
1944
1941
1938
1935
1932
1929
1926
1899
1923
1920
1917
1914
1911
1908
1905
1902
1899
1896
-20
1893
1890
1887
1884
1881
1878
1875
RAINFALL ( % DEPARTURE )
INTER-ANNUAL MONSOON RAINFALL VARIABILITY
40
All India SW Monsoon Rainfall (JUNE-SEPTEMBER)
30
20
10
0
-10
1987
-30
-40
Spatial
patterns in
Monsoon
Rainfall Trends
during past
100 years
Inferences:
Mixed Trend- somewhere
increasing and somewhere
decreasing
Chattisgarh and Jharkhand
showing marked decreasing
trends
Changes in the Frequency of
Extreme Rainfall
Low & Moderate events
Heavy events (>10cm)
V. Heavy events (>15cm)
Goswami et al., Science, Dec., 2006
Number of Flash Flood
Events in India (1980-2006)
Increasing
Trend in
Flash Flood
Events
during past
25 years
Total Number of Flood Events
in India (1980-2006)
Decreasing
Trend in
Total Flood
Events
during past
25 years
Decreasing Frequency of Total Number of
Cyclonic Storms over India during 1891-2006
12
y = -0.0183x + 6.3291
R2 = 0.1031
10
6
4
2
YE A R S
2006
2001
1996
1991
1986
1981
1976
1971
1966
1961
1956
1951
1946
1941
1936
1931
1926
1921
1916
1911
1906
1901
1896
0
1891
FREQUENCY
8
Decreasing Frequency of Total Number of
Cyclonic Disturbances over India during past
120 years (1891-2009)
Increasing Frequency of Total Number of
Low Pressure Areas over India during past
123 years (1888-2009)
Trend in Sea Level Rise in India
To meet global challenge of
climate change, India needs
to build strong S&T
capacities - both human
and institutional
Status of S&T Capacity in
Climate Science in India
Strengths:
3000 Scientists
400 scientists with International
recognition
450 Institutions teaching/doing Research
100 years of systematic Climate Data
Weaknesses:
Fragmented Research efforts
Weak linkage between Science and Policy
Limited linkage with the Society
Absence of partnership with private sector
Eight National Missions
on Climate Change
National Solar Mission
National Mission for Enhanced Energy
Efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
National Water Mission
National Mission for Sustaining the
Himalayan Eco-system
National Mission for a Green India
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for
Climate Change
Eight National Missions
on Climate Change
Of the total of eight missions under
NAPCC, two were assigned to the
Ministry of Science and Technology.
They are -
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge
for Climate Change
National Mission for Sustaining the
Himalayan Eco-system
Both call for such mission mode
actions that build, strengthen and
sustain national S&T capacities to
sustain an ecosystem and self-learn
for developing strategic knowledge.
National Mission on Strategic
Knowledge for Climate Change
Broad Objective of setting up
of Strategic Knowledge System






Addressing climate science with region specific
modeling;
Developing new scientific knowledge in CC
Adaptation and Mitigation;
Institutional capacity building in Knowledge
gap areas.
Human capacity building - focus on Young
Scientists
Selection, prioritization and development of new
technologies for adaptation and mitigation;
Leveraging international cooperation
NMSKCC - Basic Approach
Build a Knowledge platform and
infrastructure
A Super highway for Information and
data sharing and exchange for
climate change agenda setting
Build excellence through
collaborative synergies and activities
Make viable investment into all
existing knowledge capacities of
partners and build new capacities for
filling gaps
Major Deliverables of NMSKCC
Preparatory Work
Mapping national capacities through visible outputs
in open literature
Scientific data bases were employed to map and locate
resource persons
Soliciting enrolment into the National Mission and
specific work programmes
Adoption of inclusive models and bottom-up engagement
approaches
Designing new mechanisms and models for peer
evaluation and assessment
Co-development of project and programme themes as a new
model
Definition of the National Priorities and
interconnecting national competencies and
research resources
Knowledge Networking as a central theme to connect
disparate activities
NMSKCC: Need for a Data
Sharing and Access System
A credible data sharing mechanism needed for
building strategic knowledge on climate change
 Strategic knowledge system must be able to
access and integrate data, information and
assessments originating from a large number of
inter-connected sources
 Considerable knowledge resources available with
various Government agencies and R&D
institutions
–
not
presently
made
available for sharing even within Government
 DST initiated a National Data Sharing &
Access Policy (NDSAP)- now approved by
Government, will greatly help bridging this gap

SN
National Data bases
Data
Sources/Agency
1
Ocean (SST, salinity, Sea level rise)
MoES
2
Cryosphere (Snow Cover, Glacial data)
NRSA, GSI, DRDO, DST
3
Meteorology (Precipitation, Humidity,
temperature, Evaporation)
IMD/ MoES
4
Land Surface (Topography, Erosion,
vegetation)
SOI, NRSA
5
Hydrological (Ground/river water, Water
quality)
CWC, State
Departments
6
Agriculture (Soil profile, Area under
cultivation,
Production and Yield)
Ministry of Agriculture
7
Socio-Economic (Demography, Economic
status)
Census of India
8
Forests Forest resources, Plant and animal,
Species distribution
FSI, ZSI, BSI, ISRO
9
Health related
Ministry of Health
Possible Servicing roles of
NMSKCC to NAPCC
Enhanced
Energy
Water
Mission
Sustainable
Agriculture
Green
India
Himalayan Sustainable
Ecosystem Habitat
NMSKCC Objectives
R&D inputs
Technology Convergent Adaptation Mitigation Glaciology Mitigation
solutions
inputs
knowledge Knowledge capacity knowledge
NMSKCC Services
NMSKCC Services
Solar
Mission
Human and Institutional Capacities in the
Thrust areas of Climate Change Research

Support under following broad categories of
programmes which must be built around an
existing lead institution/ organization/ agency
working in the countrya. Creation of NEW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE on
Climate Change (in network or full-fledged
mode)
b. STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING INSTITUTIONS
through major R&D projects in specific area of
climate change
c. Major HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING
PROGRAMME in climate change
Major R&D Projects Launched
1 NIO (Sea Level Rise)
7
BSIP (Quaternary CC for
2 NBRI (Forest Ecosystem)
8
IRMA, Anand (Sustainable
3 DU (CC Adaptation and
9
TNAU, Coimbatore
(CC Adaptation in Agri.)
4 IARI (CC and Agriculture)
10
IIT Delhi
(Storm Surges and Sea level
Rise)
5 NIO (Ocean acidification)
11
IRADE
(Adaptation in Himachal
Pradesh)
6 IIT, Delhi (Regional
12
University of Allahabad
(Extreme Rainfall Studies)
Resource Management)
Climate Modeling)
Glaciers)
Livelihoods)
Centres of Excellence
Launched
1 IIT,
Bombay
2 ICRISAT,
Hyderabad
A Centre of Excellence on
Climate Change (Climate
Change Studies Centre)
Centre of Excellence on
CC Research for Plant
Protection
Existing Centres of
Excellence Supported
1 IIT,
Chennai
Indo-German Centre for
Sustainability
2 IISc,
Bangalore
Divecha Centre for
Climate Change
National CC Networks
Launched
 National
Network on Climate
Change Impact on Human
Health
 National Network on Climate
Modelling
Upcoming
National Networks
Climate
Change and
Coastal Vulnerability
Weather and Climate
Extremes
CC Impact on Agriculture
Global Technology
Watch Groups
To keep pace with the state-of-the-art
technologies emerging globally in the key
sectors of economy, the NMSKCC
proposes to set up Global Technology
Watch
Groups
(GTWGs)
to
help
accomplish the task of technology
Selection, Prioritization and Ranking
in some key Strategic areas
2 GTWGs have been set up- one each
on Clean Coal Technology and Solar
and other Renewable Energy
Global Technology
Watch Groups
Areas selected include those related
to other 7 national missions
 Solar including other renewable
energy
 Enhanced energy efficiency
 Sustainable habitat
 Water
 Sustenance of Himalayan ecosystem
 Green India
 Sustainable Agriculture
 Clean coal
 Manufacturing
PPPs for Adaptation and
Mitigation related Technologies
 PPP
planned in 5 key sectorsEnergy, Agriculture, Water,
Environment and Health
 Focus of the PPP would be
– Joint scoping studies
– Joint research in thematic areas
– Setting priorities and emission
reduction systems
Proposed New Programmes

Professor Chairs – 50 in relevant areas of CC

Institutional Capacity Building
science, adaptation and Mitigation
– New Institutions/Centres of Excellence/ Strengthening
of Existing ones

Human Capacity Building
– Young Scientist programmes
– Fellowship Programme- post-doctoral/doctoral
– Training Programmes- Climate Schools

State CC Centres in all States
– Vulnerability & Risk assessment, Capacity Building,
Public Awareness


Support to Civil Society Organizations
International Cooperation
– Bi-lateral: Switzerland, UK, USA, Norway, Australia
– Multi-lateral: SAARC, BIMSTEC, ASEAN, etc
…finally
National Efforts are being made to create a
strong Strategic Knowledge base by
strengthening and building S&T Capacity in
the country.
 Special focus is given to the key Gap Areas in
Research and Innovation in CC
 Partnership with key Public and Private
Players
 Regional and International Cooperation is
being developed in the key areas of Research
in Climate Change

Thank You