Transcript Istanbul, Turkey, 11 December 2012

“Workshop on Disaster Relief Systems, Network
Resilience and Recovery”
(Istanbul, Turkey, 11 December 2012)
ITU-T Handbook on
Telecommunications and
Disaster Mitigation
Keith Mainwaring
ITU Consultant
[email protected]
Istanbul, Turkey,11 December 2012
Contents
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Trends in natural disasters
Case studies
United Nations disaster mitigation activities
Regional disaster mitigation initiatives
ITU activities related to disaster mitigation
International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)
Other standardisation activities
Conclusions and Recommendations
Trends in Natural Disasters
Impact on countries in different states of
development (1991 – 2005)
Source: “A year of living dangerously – a review of natural
disasters in 2010”; The Brookings Institution – London School of
Economics Project on Internal Displacement; April 2011.
Risk
Risk ∝
Hazard x Vulnerability
Capacity
Climate change and environmental
degradation
• 300,000 deaths annually
• 325 million people affected
• Human displacement
– 36 million people displaced by sudden-onset
natural disasters in 2008
Sources: Global Humanitarian Forum Human Impact report –
Climate Change 2009; and “Monitoring disaster displacement
in the context of climate change – Findings of a study by the
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs and the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre”,
September 2009, http://www.internal-displacement.org.
Global estimates of newly
displaced people
Source: “Global estimates 2011 – People displaced by
natural hazard-induced disasters” IDMC, June 2012
The causes of disasters 1980- 2007
Hazards
• Natural
– earthquake, landslide, tsunami, cyclones, flood, drought.
• Biological
– disease epidemics (such as SARS, influenza and cholera),
pest infestations.
• Technological
– chemicals, radiological agents, transport accidents.
– some 10,000 people were killed and 500,000 between
2000 and 2011
– Chernobyl accident affected 8 million people
• Societal
– conflicts, population displacement, acts of terrorism.
Case Studies
Case studies
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Japan earthquake & tsunami 11 March 2011
Hurricane Katrina 29 August 2005
Indian Ocean tsunami 26 December 2004
“9/11” New York City 11 September 2001
Some observations
Some Observations
Some observations
• Avoiding congestion
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Encourage alternative means of communication
Reduce call hold times
Reduce call quality
Reassign resources to telephony
New network architecture
Autonomous power supply critical
Install equipment in safer locations
Avoid use of aerial facilities
Geographical disperse critical equipment such as
authentication servers
Media diversity important
• Radio
– BBC World Service 188 million weekly (2009)
– USA 241.2 million weekly (2011) 93% of
population
• Social Media
– Twitter 140 million users (March 2012)
– Facebook 900 million users (2012)
Accessibility
• Elderly and disabled vulnerable
• Need mechanisms to inform the deaf, blind
and illiterate
– Text-to-speech
– Text-to-sign language
– Talking books
• Multi-lingual information
Lead times
• Time between detection of an event indicative of a disaster
and the disaster itself are those in which early warnings can
be provided.
• Lead times vary enormously depending upon the type of
threat
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tens of seconds for earthquakes,
minutes for tornadoes,
minutes to hours for tsunamis,
hours to days for volcanic eruptions,
hours to weeks for hurricanes,
weeks to months for droughts, and
years for long term climatic events such as El Nino and climate change.
United Nations Disaster Mitigation
Activities
UN Disaster Mitigation Activities
• UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (OCHA)
• UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UNISDR)
• World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)
• World Bank
• Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)
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Regional Disaster Mitigation Initiatives
Regional initiatives
• Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
(www.adpc.net)
• Association of South East Asian Nations
– ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and
Emergency Response (AADMER)
– ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian
Assistance (AHA Centre)
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International Telecommunications
Union Activities Related to Disaster
Mitigation
ITU
• ITU Objectives
• Tampere Convention
• ITU Framework for Cooperation in
Emergencies (IFCE)
• ITU-T Recommendations
• ITU-R Recommendations and Reports
• ITU-D Reports
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ITU-T Recommendations
• Numbers
• Emergency Telecommunications Service (ETS)
• International Emergency Preference Scheme
(IEPS)
• Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)
• Alerting object identifier
• NGN service restoration
• Outside plant
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International Amateur Radio Union
(IARU) Activities
International Amateur Radio Union
(IARU)
• Over 160 national amateur radio society members
• Represents more than 2 million radio “hams” many of whom have
undertaken special training in emergency communications
• Member of ITU-R and ITU-D
• “Amateur Service” defined in ITU Radio Regulations
• IARU promotes the use of amateur radio as a means of providing relief in
the event of natural disasters
• Amateur radio is a valuable asset during an emergency as communication
links are independent of vulnerable infrastructure and immune to
overload
• Amateur Service is integrated into the emergency preparedness systems in
a number of countries
Other Standardisation Organizations
Other standardisation activities
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ETSI EMTEL
W3C Disaster Management
OASIS emergency management committee
3GPP / GSMA
Conclusions and
Recommendations
• To be defined.
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Thank You!