Transcript Skin, Muscle, and Bone

Integumentary System
Functions of Integumentary System
 Integumentary System
 Contains skin, hair, and
nails
 4 Main Functions
 1. Protection
 Keeps water in
 Keeps foreign particles out
 2. Nerve endings sense
environment
 3. Regulate body
temperature
 4. Rids of waste chemicals
Layers of Skin
 Epidermis
 Outermost layer
 Most cells are dead
 Dermis
 Thicker layer
 Below Epidermis
 Hair Follicle
 Tiny sac where hair grows
 Hair
 Protects from UV light
 Helps regulate body
temperature
 Nail Root
 Nail
 Base of nail where growth
occurs
 Protects tips of fingers and
toes
Skin Injuries
 Skin is often damaged
 Can repair itself
 Damage to skin’s DNA can cause skin cancer
Muscular System
Types of Muscle
 Smooth Muscle
 Involuntary
 Found in digestive system
 Cardiac Muscle
 Involuntary
 Found in heart
 Skeletal Muscle
 Voluntary or involuntary
 Attached to bones
 Used for movement
Movement
 Tendons
 Tough connective tissue
 Connects skeletal muscle
to bones
 Flexor
 Extensor
 Muscle that bends part of
your body
 Straightens part of your
body
Muscle Injury
 Strain
 Muscle or tendon is
overstretched
 Tendonitis
 Swollen tendons
 Can happen in people who
exercise too much
 Anabolic Steroids
 Increases muscle strength
 Causes long-term health
problems
Skeletal System
 Skeletal System
 Made from bones, cartilage,
and connective tissue
 Compact Bone
 No visible open spaces
 Spongy Bone
 Many open spaces
 Marrow
 Soft tissue found inside bones
 Cartilage
 Flexible tissue
 Support
 Most replaced by bone as
organism grows
 4 Main functions of Skeletal
System
 1. Protection
 2. Storage
 3. Movement
 4. Blood Cell Formation
Protection
• Ribs protect heart and lungs
• Skull protects brain
• Vertebrate protects spinal cord
Storage
• Bones store minerals for nerves and
muscles
• Long bones store fat to use for energy
Movement
• Allows you to sit, stand and walk
Blood cell • Marrow in bones makes blood cells
Formation
Joints
 Joint
 Place where two or more
bones meet
 Ligament
 3 Types of Joints
 Holds together bones and
joints
 1. Gliding Joint
 2. Ball-and-Socket Joint
 3. Hinge Joint
Bone Injuries
 Fracture
 Crack in the bone
 Break
 Bone is detached at some
place
Bone Diseases
 Arthritis
 Causes joints to swell or
stiffen
 Osteoporosis
 Causes bones to lose
density