Transcript PPT

The Skeletal and Muscular
Systems
skeletal system
• The body system that supports the body
and allows movement;
• it also protects the internal organs,
• stores certain minerals, and
• makes blood cells
bone
• solid living tissue that makes up the
skeleton and supports the body
red bone marrow
•
the part of a bone that produces blood
cells
cartilage
•
a soft, flexible tissue that makes up most
of the skeleton of an infant and is found
in the nose, ears, and the at the end of
long bones of adults
joints
•
a place where two bones come together
ligaments
•
a strong connective tissue that holds
bones together at movable joints
pivot joint
pivot joint
• joints that have one bone that rotates in a
ring of another bone that does not move
Examples:
• turning your head
• twisting your forearm
ball-and-socket joint
ball-and-socket joint
• joints that consist of a bone with a rounded
end that fits into a cuplike cavity on
another bone
• joint that provides a wide range of motion.
Examples:
• shoulders
• hips
hinge joints
hinge joints
• joints that move in a back-and-forth
movement
• joints that have a smaller range of motion
and are not dislocated as easily
Examples:
• knees
• elbows
• fingers
gliding joint
saddle or gliding joint
• joints that have one part of a bone that
slides over another bone
Examples:
• Wrists
• Ankles
• Between vertebrae
immovable joint
immovable joint
• a joint which allows little or no movement
Examples:
• skull
• pelvis
Skeletal System
•
•
•
•
•
Supports the body
Protects internal organs
Stores minerals
Enables the body to move
Produces blood cells
Skeletal System
• bones
• ligaments
• cartilage
osteoporosis
•
•
a condition where bones become weak
and break easily due to the loss of
minerals such as calcium
sometimes resulting in pain, decreased
height, and skeletal deformities: common
in older persons, primarily women
osteoarthritis
the most common form of arthritis, usually
occurring after middle age, marked by
chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints
leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling
muscular system
• the body’s muscles; works with the
skeletal system to move the body, keeps
the body warm, helps give the body
shape, and provides the force needed to
move blood throughout the body
Muscular System
• Muscles
• Tendons
What are the 3 types of
muscle tissue?
• Skeletal muscles
• Smooth muscles
• Cardiac muscles
skeletal muscle
• the type of muscle tissue that connects to
bone; they pull on bones to make them
move (also called striated muscle)
smooth muscle
• muscles that are not usually under
conscious control; found in many organs
such as the stomach or the walls of veins
cardiac muscle
• muscle tissue found only in the heart
voluntary muscles
•
muscles that are under your control
involuntary muscles
•
muscles that are not under your control
tendons
•
a strong connective tissue that connects
muscles to bones
contract
•
when a muscle gets shorter
relax
• when a muscle returns to its original
length
Muscle
Tissue
skeletal
Location
Function
Voluntary or
Involuntary
voluntary
attached to
bones
pull bones to
make them
move
smooth
Internal
organs (ex.
stomach,
walls of
veins)
they move
food through
digestive
system
cardiac
heart only
pumps blood
involuntary
through body;
controls the
contractions of
the heart
Involuntary
Muscular System
• Helps to move the body
• Helps blood to circulate
• Helps food move through digestive system
• Muscles
• Tendons
Integumentary System
• Your skin is your largest organ!
• Textbook pp. 496
epidermis
67. the outermost layer of the skin
1.
dermis
68. the inner layer
of the skin
3.
fatty layer
69. the inner-most
layer of skin; also
called the
subcutaneous layer.
(hypodermis)
6.
sweat pores
65. openings in the
skin where sweat
comes out
4.
sweat
gland
hair follicles
66. structures in
the skin where
hair grows
5.
fatty layer
69. the inner-most
layer of skin; also
called the
subcutaneous layer.
(hypodermis)
6.
melanin
70. the pigment that gives skin its color
2.5
99%
continuously
1%
• There are ___________ million sweat
glands in the body.
• A person perspires _________________.
Sweat is ________ water and ______ salt
and fat.
quart
evaporate
• Up to a ____________ (8 cups) of liquid
can _____________through the sweat
glands each day.
overheated
nervous
• People sweat more profusely when they
are ___________________, stressed,
_________________, or frightened.