Transcript Document
Nutrition Respiration “Consumers” need complex carbon compounds for energy building blocks To release energy, oxidize glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> 6CO2 + 6H2O 686 Cal released per mole of glucose. The work of Life What do living things do with chemical energy? 1. Mechanical work muscular contraction 2. Transport work maintain appropriate concentrations of chemicals within cells 3. Biosynthesis build large biomolecules Metabolism Metabolism is the totality of chemical reactions in living matter. Two directions: anabolic: building up complex biomolecules catabolic: breaking down complex molecules, releasing energy It Takes Energy To Survive For every Kg of body weight 1.0 Calorie is required every hour. Measuring Metabolic rate A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 g of water by 1 deg C. When we talk about food values we refer to them as Calories (notice the C). Which are actually kilocalories, thus 1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie Measuring Metabolic rate There for, 1 Calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of water by 1 deg C. Measuring Metabolic rate Food is also measured in joules (J) 1 calorie = 4.2 J Daily Recommended Dose Men Women Safe Weight loss 2,300 2,000 Maintain weight 2,500 2,200 Active or gain 2,700 2,400 Like fuel for a car, the energy we need has to be blended. The blend that we require is as follows: 57% Carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, bread, cakes) 30% Fats (dairy products, oil) 13% Protein (eggs, milk, meat, poultry, fish) Calories The General Guide to Calories provides a general reference for calories when you look at a Nutrition Facts label. This guide is based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Eating too many calories per day is linked to overweight and obesity Carbohydrates Make up 5% of the body mass Body’s main fuel source Cells release the energy by oxidising glucose Carbohydrates Unprocessed carbohydrates Starch Cellulose Processed carbohydrates Sugar Flour Lipids Make up 10% of our body mass Form an essential part of cell structure Long term energy storage Insulation Protection Dieticians generally recommend that no more than 30% of calories come from fat. Are fats bad for you? NO they help carry and store vitamins A,D,E, and K Saturated Fats Saturated fats and trans fats are often called "bad fats" because they raise cholesterol and increase a person's risk for developing heart disease. Both saturated and trans fats are solid at room temperature Unsaturated Fats These are fats that are liquid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats are often called "good fats" because they don't raise cholesterol levels as saturated Proteins Make up 18% of body mass All cells contain protein Growth and repair Enzymes Proteins Dieticians generally recommend a maximum intake of 70 g per day Protein-deficiency disease called kwashiorkor are common in poorer countries. Minerals Important for cellular function 3g of iron in the body Mineral deficiency diseases Rickets Anaemia Minerals Calcium Phosphorus Sodium Chlorine Magnesium Iron -teeth and bones - teeth, bones and DNA - body fluids - body fluids - bones and cells - haemoglobin Vitamins Important for cell functions -effect of deficiency Vitamin deficiency Rickets Night blindness Scurvy Beri-beri Vitamins A B1 B2 B3 C D - eye - cell respiration - cell respiration - cell respiration - cell linings, immune system - bones New Food Pyramid MyPyramid Messages Make Half Your Grains Whole ▲ Eat at least 3 ounces of whole grain foods everyday! Vary Your Veggies ▲ Eat more: dark vegetables orange vegetables dry beans and peas Focus on Fruits ▲ Choose a variety of fresh, frozen, canned or dried fruits. ▲ Go easy on fruit juices. ▲ Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts and vegetable oils. ▲ Limit solid fats such as butter and shortening Know Your Fats Get Your Calcium-Rich Foods ▲ Choose low-fat or fatfree products. ▲ Choose lactose-free products if lactose intolerant. Go Lean with Protein ▲ Choose low-fat or lean meats and poultry. ▲ Bake, broil and grill! ▲ Vary choices adding more fish, beans, peas, nuts and seeds. Find Your Balance Between Food and Physical Activity ▲ Be active at least 30 minutes most days of the week. ▲ Children should be active 60 minutes every day or most days a week.