Transcript Fats - bpnutrition

Fats
Getting from
to
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Fats
Omega-3
Triglycerides
What are they?
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Fats
Where do they come from?
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Fats
GRAINS
P P P P P
VEGETABLES
FRUITS
OILS
MILK
MEAT & BEANS
Where are Carbohydrates found on the Food Pyramid?
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Functions of Fats
in the Diet
• Provide Energy
• Provide Essential Fatty Acids
• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)
Why do we need them?
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Functions of Fats
in the Diet
• Provide Energy
• Provide Essential Fatty Acids
• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)
Why do we need them?
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Functions of Fats
in the Diet
• Provide Energy
• Provide Essential Fatty Acids
• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)
Why do we need them?
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Functions of Fats
in the Diet
• Provide Energy
• Provide Essential Fatty Acids
• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)
Why do we need them?
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Functions of Fats
in the Diet
• Provide Energy
• Provide Essential Fatty Acids
• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)
Why do we need them?
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Functions of Fats
in the Body
• Adipose Tissue
- Protects Organs
- Regulates Temperature
• Cell Membrane Structure
- Forms part of cell membrane
- Helps transport nutrients across
cell membranes
Why do we need them?
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Fats
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
What are the Building Blocks?
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Fats
Monoglyceride
Glycerol
1 Fatty Acid
What are the Building Blocks?
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Fats
Diglyceride
Glycerol
2 Fatty Acids
What are the Building Blocks?
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Fats
Triglyceride
Glycerol
3 Fatty Acids
What are the Building Blocks?
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Fats
Glyceride Structure Determines Type
Saturated – MUFA – PUFA - Trans
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Fats
Atoms and Covalency
4
1
2
How many bonds?
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Fats
The Glyceride Chain
How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link?
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Fats
Saturated Fat
How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link?
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Fats
Monounsaturated Fat – MUFA
How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link?
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Fats
Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens
Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an
unhealthy saturated fat?
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Fats
Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens
Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an
unhealthy saturated fat?
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Fats
Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens
Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an
unhealthy saturated fat?
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Fats
Actual peanut butter container circa 1930
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Fats
Trans Fats
Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?
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Fats
Trans Fats
Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?
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Fats
Trans Fats
Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?
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Fats
Trans Fats
Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?
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Fats
Listing Trans Fats on the Food Label
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Fats (Lipids)
The Mouth
Mechanical – Mastication
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Fats (Lipids)
The Stomach
Mechanical – Churning
Chemical– Hydrochloric Acid
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Fats (Lipids)
The Small Intestine
Emulsifier – Bile
Enzyme – Pancreatic Lipase
Enzyme – Intestinal Lipase
Lipogenesis – Rebuilding the Triglycerides
Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream
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Fats (Lipids)
The Small Intestine
Emulsifier – Bile
Enzyme – Pancreatic Lipase
Enzyme – Intestinal Lipase
Lipogenesis – Rebuilding the Triglycerides
Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream
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Fat Storage
Adipose Tissue
Triglycerides are then stored
as adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue – Long Term Storage
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Burning Fats for Energy
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Burning Fats for Energy
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Functions of Fats
in the Diet
• Provide Energy
• Provide Essential Fatty Acids
• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)
Why do we need them?
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Essential Fatty Acids
• Linoleic Acid (Omega-6)
• Linolenic Acid (Omega-3)
Must be obtained in the diet.
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Essential Fatty Acids
Food Sources of Omega-3 and Omega-6
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Health Benefits of
Omega-3 and Omega-6
• Tissue strength
• Cholesterol metabolism
• Muscle tone
• Blood clotting
• Heart action
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Lipoproteins
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Lipoproteins and
Density
• High Density [High Protein Load]
• Low Density [Low Protein Load]
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HDL’s and LDL’s
• HDL 
[Hint: H = Healthy]
• LDL 
[Hint: L = Lethal]
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What about
Cholesterol?
• Sterol – a subgroup of steroids
• Occurs naturally in animal foods
• Not present in plant foods
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Cholesterol and
Atherosclerosis
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What “Good” is
Cholesterol?
• Form Cell structure
• Form Vitamin D
• Form Estrogen
• Form Testosterone
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Types of Fat
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
Olives, Olive Oil
Canola Oil
Peanut Oil
Cashews, Almonds, Nuts
Avocados
Corn
Soybean
Safflower
Cottonseed Oils
Fish
Saturated
Trans Fats
Whole Milk, Ice Cream
Butter, Cheese
Red Meat
Chocolate, Coconuts
Margarine
‘Partially hydrogenated’
products and oils
Deep fried foods
‘Fast Foods’
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Phospholipids
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Fats / Lipids –
Wrapping It Up
• Triglycerides (Fatty Acids)
• Unsaturated / Saturated / Trans fats
• Lipoproteins (HDL’s and LDL’s)
• Cholesterol (not truly a lipid)
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Fats
Dietary Requirements
Carbohydrates 50%
Proteins 40%
Fats 10%
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Fats
Getting from
to
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Fats
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