Transcript DEFENSE - muscular and skeletal systems 14-15

3/16
-If you missed Urine Analysis lab come see me!
-makeups after school and during
enrichment
-get out animal body systems booklet
-tear out pg 47-48, staple, and turn in to alpha
sorter
-Go to Kahoot.it on cell phone for review!
DEFENSE and SUPPORT:
Muscular and Skeletal Systems
How do these systems provide
DEFENSE and SUPPORT?
• Skeletal System: produces
immune cells to protect
against disease causing
bacteria and viruses.
• Muscular system:
coordinates with the nervous
system to help animals
escape predators .
Muscular System:
The main organs of
the muscular system
are the _________.
muscles
Muscles work by
________
pulling when they
contract. There are
3 types of
___
muscles.
Types of Muscles:
Skeletal Muscle These muscles are usually
1. _________________:
bones and allow for the movement of
attached to _______
limbs Since these muscles can be controlled by a
______.
person, they are known as __________
voluntary muscles. These
muscles also help maintain our posture and protect
internal organs.
a. Muscles are attached to bones
with a special connective tissue
known as a _______.
tendon
Types of Muscles:
Smooth Muscle This type of muscle is found
2. ________________:
intestines
within the walls of organs like the ___________,
diaphragm allowing these
_________,
bladder and the __________
expand and ________.
contract Smooth
organs to ________
muscle is not under conscious control, so it is
involuntary muscle.
known as ____________
Image by Theresa Knott
-Smooth muscle also helps move food through
your digestive tract via the process peristalsis.
Types of Muscles:
Cardiac Muscle This type of muscle is
3. _______________:
not under your control, so it is also
involuntary It is only found in
considered ____________.
heart which is why it is called
the _______
cardiac muscle.
________
Characteristics and
Functions:
a. Skeletal muscles
pairs In
work in _____.
your arms, your
biceps cause it to
_______
bend while your
triceps cause it to
_______
straighten out.
energy
b. Muscles use a large amount of ________.
This
requires them to produce large amounts of the
ATP These molecules
energy molecule called _____.
are produced in the _____________
mitochondria through the
process of cellular respiration. This is why there
are a greater than average number of
mitochondria in ________
muscle cells.
c. Cellular respiration requires the body to
O2 cannot be
oxygen gas. When ____
absorb ________
absorbed fast enough, the body produces a
lactic acid
compound known as __________.
Organization of Life: Muscular
System
Tissue
Cell
Muscle Fiber
(Myofibril)
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Organ
Bicep
Stomach
Heart
Organ
System
Muscular
System
Muscular Body System
Interactions:
• Digestive System: smooth muscle found in the
stomach and intestinal tract helps move
digested food through the body.
• Circulatory /Respiratory System: products of
cellular respiration (CO2, lactic acid) from the
muscular system are removed via the blood
stream.
• Nervous System: signals muscles to contract
for movement and response to environmental
stimuli.
Fun Facts
Adults have a set number of muscle cells; exercise
enlarges the cells, but does not create new cells.
A single muscle cell in the human thigh muscle can
extend up to 12 inches long.
The leg muscles of a locust are about 1000 times
more powerful than an equal weight of human
muscle.
The muscle that lets your eye blink is the fastest
muscle in your body. It allows you to blink 5 times a
second.
Pushing the Limits: Strength: Muscles: Superhuman Strength
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3/17
• Get out Body Systems Booklet
• Open to Chicken Wing Lab
• Place all books, binders, etc…by the overhead
projector!
• Grab goggles!
• Urine Lab will be made up during enrichment
and tomorrow morning. Afterschool has
been cancelled!
3/18
• Get out Body Systems booklet
– Open to chicken wing lab – 5 min to complete
questions
• Reminder – if you were making up urine lab
please come see me to make arrangements!
Skeletal System:
The main organs of the
skeletal system are the
bones. Bones work
with muscles to move,
protect and support
sensitive internal
organs, store minerals
and make blood cells.
Evolutionary Trends of the Skeletal System
Complex
Simple
Skeleton
Type of
support
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Have muscles surrounding a
fluid-filled cavity . When
contracted, they push against
the fluid and cause the body to
change shape.
Exoskeleton
A hard external skeleton,
made of chitin and is
continually shed as the
organism grows - molting.
Endoskeleton
Have a well developed
Endoskeleton or internal
skeleton made of calcified
plates.
Picture of
system
Examples
Annelids (worms) and
Arthropods (Insects) and
mammals, birds, reptiles,
Cnidarians (Jellyfish)
Crustaceans
fish, amphibians, starfish
Characteristics and Functions
a. Bones are attached to other
bones with special connective
ligaments
tissues known as _________.
b. A place where one bone
attaches to another is called a
joint.
Types of
Joints:
- Ball-inSocket
- Hinge
- Gliding
- Pivot
c. Bones are a living part of your body that contain
nervous tissue to send and receive information,
_________
nutrients
as well as blood vessels to bring the __________
and ________
oxygen gas that is necessary for the bones’
health and growth.
• d. Bone is composed of two types of
tissue:
– Spongy: soft, interior layer of bone
tissue.
• Site of red blood cell production
• Less dense
• Contains bone marrow
– Compact: outer layer of tissue
surrounding bone.
• Stores minerals – Calcium.
• Extremely dense and strong
Photo by Steve Fruitsmaak
marrow is
e. Bone _________
found inside of bones.
This tissue is responsible
for creating new _______
blood
cells in animals. These
cells are a vital part of the
___________
circulatory system.
f. Bones are protected at joints by a thin layer
of cartilage. Cartilage is softer and more
flexible than bone tissue and cushions the
joints.
Organization of Life: Skeletal
System
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
BONE CELL:
OSTEOCYTE
BONE TISSUE:
Compact or Spongy
BONES:
Femur, Tibia, Patella
SKELETAL
Skeletal Body System Interactions:
• Circulatory System: bones help produce new
blood cells in addition to storing minerals
transported by the circulatory system.
• Muscular System: bones and muscles work in
opposing pairs to perform body movement.
Muscles and bones support, protect, and
maintain posture for the human body.
• Nervous System: bones protect many vital
organs of the nervous system – Skull (brain),
Vertebrae (spinal cord).
Pushing the Limits: Strength: Bones:
Strong and Flexible
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