Transcript Muscles for Lecture

MUSCLES FOR LECTURE
Muscle Types
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Smooth: spindle shaped
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Cardiac: cylindrical shaped
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no striations
involuntary
striated
involuntary (only responds to direct electrical stimulation)
Skeletal: elongated
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striated
voluntary
MOTION TERMS
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FLEXION: reduces the angle of the joint from the anatomical position.
Flex elbow
EXTENSION: movement that returns you to anatomical position. Extend
elbow.
All these terms refer to either a body part or a joint. Can flex elbow or
flex joint.
HYPEREXTENSION: extension beyond anatomical position; wrist,
neck.
Some terms relate only to certain areas, such as the ankle:
DORSIFLEXTION: lift up toes
PLANTARFLEXION: move toes down
INVERSION: when sole of foot points inward
EVERSION: sole of foot points outward.
ABDUCTION: move body part away from midline; arm, fingers, thumb
ADDUCTION: bring back to midline; arms, fingers, thumb
MOTION TERMS
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ROTATION: pivot on an axis; shake head “no”; can rotate head
and shoulder
CIRCUMDUCTION: to draw a circle with body part; shoulder,
head
PRONATION (to lie prone is on stomach). Turn hands
downward.
SUPINATION: refers to arms; want a bowl of soup, supinate
PROTRACTION: to move anteriorily; shoulders, mandible
RETRACTION: to move part posteriorly; shoulders
ELEVATION: to raise part superiorly; shoulders
DEPRESSION: to lower part; open mouth.
Muscle Terms
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Prime mover
Synergist (helps prime mover)
Antagonist (does opposite of prime mover)
Fixator (holds bone in place so prime mover
can move a body part better)
SURFACE LANDMARKS
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THYROID CARTILAGE (Adam’s apple)
JUGULAR NOTCH: ridge between two clavicles
above manubrium
COSTAL MARGIN: edge of ribcage
UMBILICUS (NAVAL): belly button
INGUINAL REGION: the crease between abdomen
and thigh; ant sup iliac spine pubic symphusis
GLUTEAL CLEFT (NATAL CLEFT): butt crack
PERINEUM: between genitals and anus
Trapezius, Latissmus dorsi, Teres major and minor,
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus
1
4
5
3b
3a
2
Subscapularis, Coracobrachialis
• Seen on the anterior portion of the scapula
1
2
Pectoralis Major and Minor
2
1
Deltoid
1
Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
1
2
3
4
Muscles that Define the Axilla
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Anterior: Pectoralis major
Posterior: Latissimus dorsi and Teres major
Base:
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Lymph nodes
Axillary artery
Brachial plexus
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus
anterior
Rectus
abdominus
External
oblique
Internal
oblique
Pronator
teres,
1
2
Flexor
retinaculum
Flexor Retinaculum
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Not a muscle
It is a band-like fibrous fascia over the wrist
that covers the flexor tendons and keeps them
from bow-stringing up.
If there is inflammation from over-use
(flexion), the swelling will pinch the median
nerve and cause pain in the hand
This is called Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Extensor carpi radialis (longus, brevis), Ext carpi ulnaris, Ext digitorum, Ext policis
longus
1
3
2
4
Flex carpi
ulnaris,
Palmaris longus,
Flex carpi
radialis,
Flex digitorum
superficialis,
3
2
1
5
4
Flex policis
longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
1
2
Gluteus
maximus,
1
Gluteus
medius
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, piriformis
2
3
1
Gluteus Maximus
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When sitting and going to a standing position,
this is the primary muscle responsible for
straightening the hip
Hip Flexors
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When one foot is on the ground, these
muscles contract to lift the opposite foot off
the ground
Psoas major,
Tensor fasciae
latae,
1
2
3
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris: Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis,
Vastus medius, Vastus intermedius
1
2
3
Vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medius
Pectineus, Adductor longus,
Adductor magnus, Gracilis
1
2
4
3
Scarpa’s
Triangle
Muscles of the Femoral Triangle
“Scarpa’s Triangle
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Superior: Inguinal
ligament
Inferior (2): Sartorius
and Adductor Longus
Contents:
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Femoral artery/vein
Femoral nerve
Lymph nodes
Scarpa’s
Triangle
contents
Scarpa’s
Triangle on a
prosthetic
device:
Make sure no
pressure is on
this area!
Biceps femoris,
Semimembranosis,
Semitendonosis
1
3
2
Notice the prominences
of the marked muscles:
devices can rub there!
2
Gastrocnemius,
1
Plantaris
2
Soleus,
Popliteus,
1
Tibialis
posterior,
Flexor digitorum
longus,
4
3
Flexor hallucis
longus
6
5
Peroneus longus,
Peroneus brevis
Tibialis anterior,
1
3
Ext hallucis
longus,
Ext digitorum
longus,
2
4
Peroneus
tertius