Transcript File

BTEC Level 2
Fitness Testing & Training
Components of Fitness
Physical Fitness
SPEED
AEROBIC
ENDURANCE
STRENGTH
PHYSICAL
FITNESS
MUSCULAR
ENDURANCE
FLEXIBILITY
BODY
COMPOSITION
Aerobic Endurance
Aerobic Endurance can be defined as…
“how well you are able to keep your muscles
supplied with oxygen”
Runners and cyclists require high
levels of AE to be able to keep
working over a long period of time
The body of a person with a good level of
Aerobic Endurance will have:
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a strong heart muscle for transporting
oxygen and glucose to the muscles
good lungs for taking in oxygen.
the ability of using the oxygen and
glucose to create energy for
movement.
The ability of removing carbon dioxide
and other waste products from the
body.
Flexibility
Flexibility can be defined as…
“the range of movement around a joint”
It is also known as…
‘suppleness’ or
Reaching in rock climbing
‘mobility’
Balances in gym
People with good flexibility can move more easily and are less
likely to have stiff or injured muscles, tendons and ligaments,
than people with poor suppleness.
Flexibility is
determined by
how elastic the
ligaments &
Flexibility can
tendons are at a
be improved by
joint
taking part in
lots of
stretching
exercises on a
regular basis
Flexibility is therefore one of the most important components
of physical fitness, but is often overlooked.
Speed
Speed is how fast a muscle can contract, once or
repeatedly in a given amount of time
It could be how fast a
badminton player can
move their racket to
cover a drop shot, or
how fast an athlete
can run 100 m.
Speed is very important in many sports – it can often be the
thing that separates a good performer from a great performer.
How important is speed in the following activities?
Rugby
Dancing
Lawn bowls
Muscular Strength and Endurance
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Muscular Endurance is the ability of the muscles to exert a force
over a prolonged period of time.
Examples of sports requiring this type of strength include…
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Muscular Strength is the amount of force that can be generated
by a muscle when it is contracting. There are 2 different types of
strength: 1. Explosive Strength –
2. Dynamic Strength –
amount of force
generated in one quick
powerful contraction.
Sport eg javelin
amount of force
exerted repeatedly by
a muscle. Sport eg sit
ups/cycling
Body Composition
“a measure of how much of
your body is made up of muscles compared to how much is
made up of fat”
Somatotypes
People come in all sorts of shapes and sizes. Body
type or physique can greatly affect performance in
different activities.
Body type is also known as somatotype.
A performer’s somatotype can be measured against the
three extreme somatotypes:
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph
Which is best for
certain sports?
Sumo
Wrestler
Sprinter/rower
Marathon
runner
SKILL-RELATED
FITNESS
CO-ORDINATION
AGILITY
BALANCE
MOTOR
FITNESS
REACTION
TIME
POWER
Power
Power is a combination of
strength and speed – it is the
ability to do strength
performances quickly.
power = strength × speed
Power is important in explosive
events like throwing and
sprinting.
Power is vital to getting a good
start in short races.
AGILITY
• …is the ability of a sports player to move and change
direction quickly and under control
For example a basketball
player has to change
direction quickly when
dribbling and driving towards
the basket
BALANCE
• …is the ability to keep the body stable, when
still or moving, by keeping the centre of
gravity over the base of support
For example
When
performing
a handstand
or
cartwheel.
CO-ORDINATION
• …is the ability to use two or more body parts at the
same time.
• Even simple acts such as walking require a degree of
co-ordination but a much higher level of co-ordination
is required when playing a tennis shot
REACTION TIME
• …is the time it takes to respond to a stimulus,
• 100m sprinters, squash players, and goal keepers all
need good reaction times to aid performance
Your Turn…Match the definitions
Component
Definition
Speed
the ability of the body to work for long
periods of time without becoming tired
Aerobic Endurance
a combination of strength and speed – it is
the ability to do strength performances
quickly.
Flexibility
the ability of the muscles to apply force and
overcome resistance over a prolonged
period of time
Strength
the rate at which a performer is able to
perform a movement or cover a set
distance.
Power
The percentage of bone, fat and muscle in
the body
Body Composition
the amount of force muscles can apply to
overcome a resistance
Muscular Endurance
the range of movement around a joint
Sports
examples