Transcript Musculo-skeletal system - Teachnet UK-home

Musculo-skeletal System
Overview of musculo-skeletal
system
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Musculo-skeletal system is composed of:
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Muscles
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
TASK
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What does the musculoskeletal system
do?
◦ Write down some ideas.
What does the musculoskeletal
system do?
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Its functions is to allow:
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Movement
Maintenance of posture
Support
Protection of internal organs
Heat production
Muscular system
Muscles
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Three main types of muscle:
1. Cardiac
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Heart muscle
2. Smooth
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Found in internal organs
3. Skeletal
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Also known as voluntary muscles
Attached to bones on the skeleton
Over 600 in the body
Types of voluntary muscles
 Muscles
work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs:
◦ As one muscle contracts, the other muscle
relaxes.
 There
are different types of muscles. Each
has a different function and they usually
work in pairs.
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Extensors and Flexors
Adductors and Abductors
Levators and Depressors
Constrictors
Types of voluntary muscles
Here are some functions the pairs of muscles. What is
the function of the other half to the pair?
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Extensors
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Flexors
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Abductors
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Depressors
◦ open a joint
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Adductors
◦ move body part inwards
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Levators
◦ move body part upwards
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Constrictors (circular muscles
so do not have a pair; also called
sphincter muscles)
◦ Close openings
Types of voluntary muscles
Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs: As one
contracts the other relaxes.
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Extensors
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◦ open a joint
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Adductors
◦ close a joint
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Levators
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◦ move body part upwards
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Constrictors (circular muscles
so do not have a pair; also
called sphincter muscles)
◦ Close openings
Abductors
◦ move body part outwards
◦ move body part inwards
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Flexors
Depressors
◦ move body part downwards
A synovial joint
Synovial joint
Task: Main Parts of a Synovial Joint
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Look up in the textbook or using internet resources to
find the function of the following parts of a synovial joint\;
Bone
 Articular Cartilage
 Synovial membrane
 Synovial fluid
 Ligaments
 Tendons
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Main Parts of a Synovial Joint
Bone:
◦ Mixture of protein, collagen and minerals e.g. calcium
 Articular Cartilage:
◦ Smooth tissue which protects bones and stops them
grating by reducing friction
 Synovial membrane
◦ Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
 Synovial fluid
◦ Acts like a lubricant, helps bones slide over each other
 Ligaments
◦ Holds bones together and prevents over extension of joint
 Tendons
◦ Connects muscle to bone
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Movement of the forearm
Movement of the forearm
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Muscles get shorter when they contract
◦ Big biceps when you flex your arm!
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Muscles get longer and more stretched
out when they relax
◦ Flat biceps when you put your arm down!
Task: making a model arm
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Make the model arm and complete the
worksheet.
◦ Follow all instructions on the sheet
Answers to questions
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When the biceps contract and the triceps relax the
forearm moves upwards
When the triceps contract and the biceps relax the
forearm moves downards
We call this an Antagonistic Pair, meaning as one
muscle contracts the other relaxes.
Label the parts of the forearm.
Answers to forearm labelling
Skeleton
Skeleton functions
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Its functions is to allow:
◦ Movement
◦ Support
◦ Protection of internal organs
Major organs and their skeletal
protection: Copy & Complete
Body system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Cardiovascular system
Renal system
Digestive system
Reproductive system
Organ protected
Part of the skeleton
Major organs and their skeletal
protection
Body system
Organ protected
Part of the skeleton
Nervous system
Brain
Skull
Spinal Cord
Spinal column
Sense organs e.g. Ears, eyes Skull
Respiratory system
Lungs & bronchi
Rib cage, spinal column,
sternum
Cardiovascular system
Heart & major blood
vessels
Rib cage, spinal column,
sternum
Renal system
Kidneys
Rib cage and spinal
column
Digestive system
Liver
Rib cage
Reproductive system
Ovaries, uterus
Pelvis