Transcript Cervical Spine Injuries

Cervical Spine Injuries
Myotome and Dermatome Testing
Nerve Root Sensory Testing
Level
Motor Testing
Reflex Testing
C1-C2
Front of face
Neck flexion
N/A
C3
Lateral face and skull
Lateral flexion
N/a
C4
Supraclavicular
Shoulder shrug
N/A
C5
Lateral shoulder/upper arm
Shoulder abduction
Bicipital
(musculocutaneous)
C6
Lateral lower arm and hand
(thumb and index finger)
Elbow flexion and
wrist extension
Brachialradial
(musculocutaneous)
C7
Palmar aspect of hand –
middle 3 fingers
Elbow extension
and wrist flexion
Triceps (radial)
C8
Medial lower arm and hand
Finger flexion and
thumb extension
N/A
T1
Medial elbow and upper arm Finger abduction
N/A
Cervical Spine Injuries
• Acute injuries typically occur
in contact and collision sports
or car accidents
• Chronic injuries develop from
poor postural habits, faulty
body mechanics, repetitive
movements, decreased
flexibility, and weak muscles
• Usually involved multiple
structures so identifying one
source is not possible
Cervical Strains
Strain = injury to a muscle or
tendon
• MOI –
• Muscles:
• S&S –
Acute Torticollis
Commonly called stiffneck or
wryneck
• MOI–
• S&S –
Cervical Sprain
Commonly called whiplash
Sprain – injury to a ligament
or non-contractile tissue
• MOI –
• S&S –
Spinal Stenosis
• Narrowing of the spinal canal or intervertebral
foramen
• Usually from degeneration associated
with aging or can be congenital
• S&S:
– can be asymptomatic
– Neurological pain
– Increased leg pain with standing that resolves by
sitting (increases available space in spinal canal)
– Can be ipsilateral (foramen) or bilateral (canal)
Cervical Disk Injuries
Several types of disc injuries:
Protrusion –
Prolapse -
Cervical Disk Injuries (cont.)
Several types of disc injuries:
Extrusion –
Sequestrated -
Cervical Disk Injuries (cont.)
• MOI –
• S&S –
Degenerative Disc Disease
• Called cervical spondylosis
• MOI –
• S&S –
Facet Joint Dysfunction
• Cervical instability
• MOI - from acute trauma
(whiplash) or repetitive
motions
• S&S – posterior neck pain in
paraspinal region, pain with A
and PROM during extension
and rotation of the c-spine,
clicking or catching; referred
pain but no radicular pain
Brachial Plexus / Neuropraxia
Commonly called burners,
stingers, pinched nerves
MOI –
S&S -
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
• Caused by pressure on the trunks and medial
cord of the brachial plexus, the subclavian
artery, or subclavian vein (neurovascular
bundle)
• MOI –
• S&S -