Transcript The Spine and Abdomen

The Spine and Abdomen
Sports Medicine 2
The Spine

Anatomy:
– Cervical Spine - 7
– Thoracic Spine - 12
– Lumbar Spine -5
– Sacrum –5 fused vertebrae
– Coccyx – 4 or more fused vertebrae
Curves of the spine
Lordosis – curve of the spine where the
curve of the spine is posterior – Cervical
and Lumbar
 Kyphosis – curve of the spine where the
curve is anterior - Thoracic
 Scoliosis – Deviation of the spine to one
side or the other

Cervical Fractures

MOI: Relatively uncommon is athletics
– Flexion of neck and Axial loading (force on top of head)

S/S: Neck point tenderness, restricted movement,
muscle spasm, pain in chest or extremities,
numbness in trunk or extremities, weakness or
paralysis, and loss of bladder and bowel control
 TX: Medical emergency, Don’t move (unless not
breathing or in danger), Spine board, possible
surgery or halo
 ST: palpation, history
Cervical Dilocations

MOI: More common in sports that fx
– Violent flexion and rotation of head

S/S: Same as fracture
 TX: More likely to cause damage to spinal
cord that fx…Same care
 ST: palpation and history
Neck and back Strain

MOI: Suddenly turned head or forced
flexion
 S/S: Localized pain, point tenderness,
restricted motion
 TX: RICE, ROM exercises, and
strengthening exercises
Cervical Sprain

AKA: Whiplash
 MOI: Sudden snap of head
 S/S: same as strain but last longer
 TX: Dr. referral to rule out fx, Collar,
traction
Acute Torticollis

AKA: wryneck or stiff neck
 MOI: holding head in unusual position for a
long time (sleeping)
 S/S: Point tenderness, muscle spasm
 TX: joint mobilizations, traction, massage
Spinal Stenosis

MOI: Narrowing of spinal canal
– Can be congenital or because of bone spurs, or
disc bulges

S/S: transcient quadriplegia, or nothing at
all
 TX: diagnostic testing, may not be cleared
to participate
Brachial Plexus Neurapraxia
(burner/stinger)

MOI: Stretching or compression of brachial
plexus
 S/S: pain, weakness, numbness, tingling
 TX: Strengthening exercises, brace
 ST: history
Herniated disk

MOI: Chronic or acute
– Overuse, sudden forced flexion or extension

S/S: radiating pain on unilateral side
 TX: modalities, Ice, traction
Abdomen
Anatomy – Ribs, sternum
Muscles – external intercostals, internal
intercostals, abs
***Protection of vital organs
Rib Contusions

MOI: Blow to rib cage
 S/S: Pain during breathing, point
tenderness, pain on compression of rib cage
 TX: RICE
 ST: Compression
Rib Fractures

MOI: Direct blow
 S/S: sever pain during breathing, deformity,
palpation
 TX: Dr. referral, support and rest
Sternum Fracture

MOI: High impact blow
 S/S: point tenderness, localized swelling
 TX: Dr. referral

Protects what?
Lung injuries

Pneumothorax- pleural cavity (which
surrounds lungs) fills with air. Because of
opening in chest. Puts pressure on lungs not
allowing them to expand. S/S difficulty
breathing
 Hemothorax- pleural cavity fills with
blood. Caused by puncture lung. Same
syptoms.