Transcript The skeletal and muscular systems

The skeletal and muscular
systems
Bones and muscles

The bones in the body form the skeletal
system. This provides a framework for the
body. This framework provides support for
muscles; it also protects vital organs.
 Together the bones and muscles allow the
body to move.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE SKELETON IS THE NAME GIVEN TO A
COLLECTION OF BONES. IT HAS THREE
MAJOR ROLES;
 PROTECTION (bones protect the vital organs in
the body)
 SHAPE (without our bones we would be a blob of
tissue and blood on the floor)
 MOVEMENT (the muscle are attached to bones
and they pull on the bones to make us move)
Challenge:
Skeletal system

Task : copy out
skeletal sheet.

Name 3 organs that
bones protect

Describe in your own
words what a joint is
Joints

A JOINT is where two or more bones meet.
 There are 3 types of joints;
 1- fixed
 2-slightly moveable
 3-freely moveable
FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

These are joints which
allows movement in
one or more direction.
 The hinge joint (knee)
and ball and socket
(shoulder) joints are
both freely moveable.
Hinge joint

Hinge joints, like
in your knee and
elbow, enable
movement similar
to the opening
and closing of a
hinged door.
Ball and socket

Ball and socket
joints, like your hip
and shoulder joints,
are the most mobile
type of joint in the
human body. They
allow you to swing
your arms and legs
in many different
directions.
Freely moveable
TASK

Using the textbook, describe the function of
each of the following:
 Tendons
 Cartilage
 Ligaments
Muscular system

Every movement of your body depends on
muscle. These are three different types of
muscle:
 Involuntary (smooth) surrounding hollow
organs e.g. blood vessels, gut.
 Voluntary (skeletal) found mainly attached
to the skeleton, under conscious control
 Cardiac (found only on the walls of the
heart)
Skeletal muscles

The muscles of the body allow movement at a
joint.
 Each muscle is attached to the bone by a tendon.
The tendon which is attached to the bone that does
not move is know as the origin. The tendon which
is attached to the bone that moves is known as the
insertion.
 Muscles always work in pairs, As they can only
pull to create movement. (as one contracts the
other relaxes)
Skeletal muscles cont

The muscles that cause
the movement is called
a prime mover or
agonist.
 Usually another
muscle works in the
opposite direction at
the same time. This
muscle is known as
the antagonist
muscle.
Tendons
Connective tissue
Connective tissue refers to
other features which
support the body and its
movement.
Tendons are strong strips
which attach the
muscles to bones.
When a muscle
contracts to move a
joint, it is the tendon
which pulls on the bone.
Ligaments

Ligaments are strong
bands which connect
bones at the joint.
They're elasticated to
allow the movement
of that joint, but are
strong enough to stop
movement outside the
normal range.
Cartilage

Cartilage is a soft
cushioning
substance which
covers the ends of
the bones. It acts as
a shock absorber
and reduces the
rubbing of the bone
surfaces.