Transcript What is first aid?

First Aid for
Common Injuries
Wounds
Sprains
Broken bones
Insect and animal bites
Burns
Poisoning
Objects in the eye
Nosebleed
Fainting
Heat related illnesses
What is first aid?
• Immediate temporary care given to an
injured or ill person until her or she can get
professional help.
Why is it important to know
basic first aid?
• Can prevent further injury
• Can speed recovery
• Knowing how to correctly give first aid can
be the difference between life and death
First-Aid Supplies
• The following supplies
are typically found in
a first-aid kit…
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Tweezers
Scissors
Thermometer
Cotton swabs
Cold pack
Antiseptic ointment
• More first-aid kit
supplies…
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Guaze pads
Adhesive tape
Adhesive bandages
Tissues
Hand cleaner
Disposable gloves
Plastic bags
Types of Wounds
• Closed Wound
– Bruise
– Develops when the body is bumped or hit
– Damages soft tissue layers beneath the
skin, causing internal bleeding.
– Blood and fluids seep into tissues, causing
swelling and changing color
Types of Wounds
Open Wound
–Break in the skin
–Amount of bleeding depends on
location and severity of injury
Types of Open Wounds
• Four types of open wounds
– Abrasions
• most common
• Do not bleed much
• hurts because it scrapes away
outer skin layers
• Also known as a cut, scrape,
rug burn
– Lacerations
• Cut in skin commonly caused
by a sharp object
• Can bleed heavily or not at all
depending on severity of
damage
• Deep lacerations can cut
layers of fat and muscle and
damage nerves and blood
vessels
Types of Open Wounds
•
Avulsion
– Portion of the skin and
sometimes other tissue is
partially or completely torn
away
– Body part could be completely
torn away (amputation)
– Damages deeper tissues
– Lots of bleeding
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Puncture
– Caused by a pointed object
(nail)
– Gunshot wound is considered
a puncture wound
– Do not bleed much unless
blood vessel is damaged
– Can carry germs into the body
and cause infections
Care for Closed Wounds
• Apply ice
• Elevate injury to help decrease swelling
– DO NOT elevate if it causes more pain
• If serious – person can’t move without pain…call
9-1-1
Care for Open Wounds
• Cover with dressing (bandages) to control
bleeding
• Dressing/bandages will absorb blood and help
prevent infection by protecting injury from dirt
• Wash area with soap and water to kill bacteria
 FUN FACTS 
• There are over 600 muscles in the
human body!
• Most muscles are attached to bones by
tendons!
• There are 206 bones in the human body!
• Ligaments hold the bones at a joint
together!
SPRAINS
Condition in which the ligaments that
hold the joints in position are stretched
or torn
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Ankles, knees, fingers, wrist
 Swelling and bruising
 R.I.C.E.
rest, ice, compress, elevate
Broken Bones
FRACTURE
BREAK IN THE BONE
OPEN FRACTURE – A COMPLETE BREAK WITH ONE
OR BOTH SIDES OF THE BONE PIERCING THE
SKIN
CLOSED FRACTURE – BONE DOES NOT
BREAK THE SKIN (MORE DIFFICULT
TO DIAGNOSE)
SYMPTOMS
PAIN< SWELLING<MISSHAPPEN APPERANCE
DIAGNOSIS
OPEN
X-RAY
TREATMENT
Hard or soft cast
CLOSED
Broken Bones
• http://kidshealth.org/teen/safety/first_aid/br
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Insect and Animal Bites
SERIOUS – for people with certain allergies
Call 911 with symptoms:
difficulty breathing, nausea, confusion
Treatment Insect
Remove stinger by scraping
it off with a firm/straight
edged object
Wash with soap and water
Apply ice – 10 on 10 off –
To reduce swelling
Treatment Animal
*Wash with soap and water
*Apply pressure to stop any
bleeding
*Apply antibiotic ointment
and a sterile bandage
BURNS
2nd degree
3rd degree
1st degree
Affects first layer of skin
and
Involves all layers of the skin
Affects outer layer of skin
second layer of skin
Affects fat, muscle and bone
Red
Blisters
Skin is charred black or
Swelling and pain
Swelling
Appears dry and white
Severe pain
Little or no pain
4th degree: a burn that extends deeply into the soft tissue, completely
destroying the skin, fat, and underlying tendons, and sometimes
involving muscle, fascia, or bone
Treatment
3rd Degree
2nd
1st Degree
1. flush area
Degree
* burn 2” to 3” diameter
treat as 1st Degree burn
CALL 911
TREAT VICTIM FOR
SHOCK
DO NOT
remove burned clothing
cold water
Burn is on
20 minutes
Hands
2. do NOT ice
Feet
3. loosely wrap
Face
Cover with a sterile
bandage
burned area with
Groin
or clean cloth
a sterile bandage
Buttocks or major joint
Allow victim to SIP
Call 911
fluids
or clean cloth
DO
Apply cold water
4th degree
CALL 911
Poisoning
Poison is a substance that causes harm when:
Swallowed
Inhaled
Absorbed by the skin
Injected into the body
½
of all poisonings are caused medications and household products
TREATMENT of ALL POISONING or SUSPSECTED POISONING
Call nearest poison control center
Call 24 hour poison hot line - 1-800-222-1222
Provides medical treatment for victim
Poisonous Chemical Skin Contact
Remove clothing that has come in contact with poison
Rinse skin with water for 15 minutes
Wash gently with soap and water
Call poison control center
Foreign Object in the
DON’T RUB THE EYE
Call 911 if the object
cannot be removed
FLUSH the eye with
WATER and repeat until
the object washes out
OR
GENTLY PULL the lower
lid downward while
holding the upper lid open
– look down – have
someone locate the
object in your eye –
LIGHTLY TOUCH the
object with a moist
cotton swab and move
into the corner of the
eye – REMOVE OBJECT
Nosebleed
Causes:
1. injury
2. illness
3. dry air
Treatment:
1. pinch nostrils shut
with thumb and
forefinger
2. breathe though the
mouth
3. duration: 5-10
minutes
heavy bleeding for 15
minutes call 911
FAINTING – brief loss of consciousness
when blood supply to the brain is cut off
for a short period of time
Treatment for someone
else who FAINTS:
If you feel FAINT
sit or lie down
place your head
between you knees
1.
2.
3.
4.
check for breathing
raise legs above the head
loosen tight clothing
call 911 if victim remains
unconscious for a few minutes
5. seek medical attention after victim
has regained consciousness
6. ** BEGIN ADVANCED CARE
HEAT RELATED ILLNESS
Heat Cramps
Symptoms
• painful muscle spasms that happen during exercise
in hot weather
Treatment
1. rest
2. cool down
3. drink water
4. gentle stretching exercise or massage to muscles
HEAT- RELATED ILLNESS
Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms
1. faintness, nausea, rapid heartbeat
3. hot, red, dry, or sweaty skin
Treatment
1. lie victim down in a cool area
2.elevate feet
3. loosen tight clothing
4. drink water
5. Fan victim and spray with water
*Watch victim for symptoms of heatstroke.
HEAT- RELATED ILLNESS
Heatstroke (life threatening)
Symptoms
1. body stops sweating
2. body temperature increases to 1040
3. rapid heart beat
4. shallow breathing.
Treatment
1. CALL 911
2. treat the same as heat exhaustion