Transcript Heartsaver FACTS First Aid

HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Heartsaver
FACTS
First Aid
FA00
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Need for First Aid
• Everyone will have to
make the decision to help
or not.
• It’s better to know
first aid & not need it,
than to need it and
not know it.
FA01
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
“Whatever can go wrong, will.”
- Murphy’s Law
FA02
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
First Aid
Defined. Immediate care given
to injured or suddenly ill
person. Given until medical
care obtained or until chance of
recovery w/o medical care is
assured.
Purpose. Find it; fix it.
FA03
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Bystander Action
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Recognize the Emergency
Decide to help
Contact EMS, if needed
Assess the victim
Provide first aid
FA04
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Scene Survey
• Hazards
• Number of victims
• Mechanisms
(causes)
of injury
FA05
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Victim Assessment
A – Airway
B – Breathing
C – Circulation
D – Disability
ABCDs
SAMPLE
DOTS
(medical history)
(physical exam)
FA08
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Victim Assessment
FA06
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
ABCD = Initial Assessment
A = Airway open?
B = Breathing?
C = Circulation?
• carotid pulse?
• severe bleeding?
• skin condition?
D = Disability?
• sensation?
• movement?
FA09
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
SAMPLE History
S
A
M
P
L
E
= Sign/symptom
= Allergies
= Medications
= Pertinent past illnesses
= Last oral intake
= Events leading to the
injury/illness
FA11
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Assessment Sequence
Injured Victim
Determine Responsiveness
Check ABCDs
Significant Mechanism
of Injury
No Significant Mechanism
of Injury
Physical exam
(examine
complaint)
SAMPLE history
Physical exam
(head-to-toe)
SAMPLE history
FA13
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Significant Mechanisms of Injury
• Falls (3x victim’s height)
• Vehicle collisions involving:
–
–
–
–
–
–
ejection
roll-over
high speed
pedestrian
motorcycle
bicycle
• Unresponsive or altered mental status
• Penetrations (head, chest, abdomen)
FA12
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
DOPS = Signs of Injury
D
O
P
S
= Deformity
= Open wounds
= Pain
= Swelling
FA10
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Bleeding
Types
• Arterial
• Venous
• Capillary
Control by
1. Direct pressure
2. Elevate and direct
pressure
3. Pressure point
FA15
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Types of Open Wounds
Abrasion
Puncture
Avulsion
Incision
Laceration
FA16
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Abrasion
FA17
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Avulsion
FA19
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Incision
FA20
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Laceration
FA21
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Lawn Mower Laceration
FA22
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Door Slammed on Finger
FA23
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Machinery Injury
FA24
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Auto Accident Scalp Wound
FA25
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Ring Avulsion
FA26
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Gunshot Wound to Chest
FA27
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Knife Wound to Throat
FA28
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Amputation of Thumb
FA31
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Amputation of Ear
FA32
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Swelling After Blunt Trauma to Eye
FA45
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Tooth Avulsion
FA46
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Broken Tooth
FA47
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Fracture: Open
FA50
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Fracture: Closed
FA49
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Impaled Objects
1. Do not remove
2. Stabilize object
3. Seek medical attention
FA33
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Puncture
FA18
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
BB in Eye
FA43
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Staple in Eye
FA44
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Cleaning Wounds
Shallow wounds
1. Wash inside with
soap & water
2. Irrigate with
pressurized water
3. Apply antibiotic
ointment
4. Cover with
sterile dressing
High risk wounds
1. Seek medical care
for cleaning
2. Remote location - clean
as best you can
FA29
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Physician Care Needed?
• Clean high risk wounds
• Close open wounds
1. Cosmetic, wide, gaping,
underlying structure injured
2. Closure times =
– extremities within 6 hours
– head & trunk within 24 hours
• Tetanus booster needed?
FA30
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Burn Assessment
Seek medical care for:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Moderate and critical burns
All 3rd degree burns
Large 2nd degree burns (15-20% BSA)
Under 5 & over 55 years old
Burns of hands, face, eyes, feet
Inhalation or electrical burns
FA37
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: 2nd and 3rd Degree
FA34
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Hot Tar
FA35
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Hot Water Scald
FA36
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Chemical (from Cement)
FA38
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Chemical (from Sulfuric Acid)
FA39
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Electrical
FA40
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Electrical (foot)
FA41
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn: Lightening Strike
FA42
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Pelvic Injuries
Keep victim on a firm surface and
minimize movement.
Place padding between victim’s thighs; tie
knees and ankles together. Place padding
under knees if bent.
Call EMS.
FA48
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
RICE Procedures
Use for bone, joint, and muscle injuries
R = Rest
I = Ice pack (on skin over injury)
C = Compression (with elastic bandage)
E = Elevate
Alternate for first 24 to 72 hours
• 20-30 minutes of ice with
• 2-3 hours of compression
FA51
Arm and Leg Deformity
• Keep still in place
• Secure splint above and below if possible
• Ice
• Keep as comfortable as possible
Poisonous Plants
• Poison Oak
• Poison Ivy
• Poison Sumac
• Unless patient is allergic, only care is for
itching
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Poison Ivy Plant
FA52
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Poison Ivy Blister
FA55
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Poison Oak Plant
FA53
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Poison Oak Dermatitis and Blister
FA56
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Poison Sumac Plant
FA54
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
North American
Venomous Snakes
Pit Vipers
• rattlesnakes
• copperheads
• watermouth moccasins
Coral
FA57
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Pit Viper Identification
• triangular, flat head, wider than neck
• elliptical pupils, e.g., cat’s eyes
• heat sensitive “pit” between each eye and nostril
• Care for snake bites – clean and wrap with gauze, then
put a constricting band 2 inches above then 2 inches
below the bite
FA58
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Rattlesnake
FA59
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Rattlesnake Bite
FA60
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Copperhead Snake
FA61
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Copperhead Snake Bite
FA62
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Cottonmouth Water Moccasin Snake
FA63
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Cottonmouth Water Moccasin Snake Bite
FA64
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Coral Snake
FA65
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Coral Snake Bite
FA66
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Spider Bites & Scorpion Stings
1. If possible, catch spider. Take to hospital for
identification.
2. Clean bitten area with soap and water or
rubbing
alcohol.
3. Place ice pack over the bite to relieve pain.
4. Monitor ABCs.
5. Seek medical attention immediately.
• Treat scorpion stings the same as spider bites.
FA71
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Black Widow Spider
FA67
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Black Widow Spider Bite
FA68
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Brown Recluse Spider
FA69
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Brown Recluse Spider Bite
FA70
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Tick
FA72
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Tick: Engorged and Embedded
FA73
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Assessment Sequence
Ill Victim
Determine Responsiveness
Check ABCDs
Responsive
SAMPLE history
Physical exam
(examine complaint)
Unresponsive
Physical exam
(head-to-toe)
SAMPLE history
(from
FA14
Altered Mental Status
• Person, Place, Time
•
•
•
and Event
Multiple Causes
Acute or Chronic?
Keep Patient Safe
Diabetic Emergencies
•
•
•
•
•
HIGH SUGAR
Fruity breath
Long term illness
Sickly
DO NOT ASSIST with
insulin
• LOW SUGAR
• Causes Altered Mental
•
Status
Give sugar if patient
is alert
Seizures
• Grand mal
• Petite mal – absence seizure
• Noctural seizures
• Partial seizures
• Aura
• Postictal state
Strokes
• Hemiparesis
• Facial droop
• Slurred speech
• Weakness
• Onset time
Cardiac Events
• Chest pain
• Radiating pain
• Shortness of breath
• AED
• CPR
Respiratory Problems
• Position of comfort
• Rescue inhalers
• Quick access
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Types of Hypothermia
Mild
(above 90° F)
• shivering
• cold abdomen
Severe
(below 90° F)
• no shivering
• rigid muscles
• altered mental status
• Frost nip
• Frost Bite
FA77
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Frostbitten Ear
FA74
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Frostbite: 2nd Degree
FA75
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Frostbite: After 8 Hours
FA76
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FIRST AID
Heat Illnesses
Heat stroke
• Extremely hot skin
• Confusion
Heat exhaustion
• Profuse sweating
• Flu-like symptoms
FA78
IF ALL ELSE FAILS
CALL 911!!!!
Be Prepared to give
Exact location
Your name
What’s wrong with the patient
What you have already done
A phone number