Transcript Injuries and First Aid - crestwoodpe

Injuries and
First Aid
The aim of this lesson is to learn
about common sporting injuries
and prevention techniques
Two Types of Sports Injury
 Acute Injuries: are the
result of a sudden
stress on the body. For
example, a dislocated
shoulder caused by a
tackle in rugby.
 Chronic or Overuse
Injuries: are caused
by over training,
insufficient recover
time, poor technique
and badly designed
footwear or
equipment.
How to Avoid Chronic Injuries

Develop correct
technique: Poor long
distance running
technique leads to
back injuries.
 Choose kit and
equipment carefully,
especially footwear.
 Allow enough time for
full recovery between
training sessions
and/or events.
•
Follow heavy training
days with light days.
As your body adapts
to training it
recovers, if you don’t
recover you’ll gain no
training adaptation.
How to Avoid Acute Injuries

Consider the event itself:

Make sure you play at the
right level for you. It can
be dangerous to play
against people who are
bigger,stronger or more
skilful.
•
Know the rules of the sport
and obey them. They were
developed to protect you
as well as test your skill.
1. Pay attention to advice
or warnings given by
coaches, referees and
other officials.
HEAD INJURIES
 You should place the person in the coma
position making sure they can breathe
easily – check nose and mouth for
blockages – if they are not breathing you
will need to follow CPR.
Bone and Joint Injuries
Fractured bones:
 A fracture is a break or
crack in a bone. In a
SIMPLE or CLOSED
fracture the skin is not
broken. In an OPEN or
COMPOUND fracture
the skin is damaged
too.
Signs and Symptoms:
 The casualty may have
heard or felt a snap.
 Pain and tenderness
around the injury.
 The casualty cant move
the part normally.
 Swelling and bruising
occur.
 The limb may look
deformed and twisted.
Types of Fractures
 There are several types
of fracture, each differing
due to the age of the
bone and the type of
impact, blow or pressure
placed on it.
 Greenstick: A pressure
or impact buckles or
bends a bone but only
partially breaks it. This
fracture is common in the
developing bones of
young children, whose
bones are quite springy.
 Closed fractures are more
common and mean that the
skin isn't broken
 Open fractures involve the
broken end of the bone
coming through the skin
 All fractures usually cause
bruising and swelling because
of associated damage to
surrounding blood vessels
 They are also very painful
because nerves within the
bone are damaged
 A stress fracture is a thin
crack in a bone, which can
be caused by overuse and
continuous stress to the
bone. These are common
in the legs of runners and
soldiers. Stress fractures
are the only form of chronic
bone injury, all other
fractures are acute
 Any suspected fracture
should be x-rayed
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
 Soft tissue is basically
anything that isn't bone!
So muscles, ligaments,
tendons, skin, cartilage
etc. Soft tissue injuries can
be either chronic or acute.
They can also be open or
closed
 Open
 Open injuries are when the
skin is broken through
cuts, grazes etc
 Closed
 Closed injuries happen
when the skin stays
intact, and the injury is
underneath the skin.
 EXAMPLES
 Sprains - ligament
damage. Ligaments
attach bones to bones
and keep a joint together.
Sprains can occur as a
result of a violent twisting
or side-ways movement
to the joint (such as when
you roll the ankle over
and sprain it)
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (CONT)
 Strains - muscle
damage. These are also
known as pulled
muscles and can vary in
severity with some only
causing minor damage
and other tearing the
whole muscle (a
rupture)! These are
usually caused by
overstretching. The
hamstrings are the most
common example
 Bruising - bleeding
underneath the skin.
This usually happens
as a result of an
impact such as being
hit with a cricket ball
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (CONT)
 Dislocations - a bone is
pulled away from the
normal joint position. The
most common example is
the shoulder, where the
humerus (arm bone) is
pulled out of the socket.
This can cause damage to
the surrounding soft tissues
and must be scanned with
an MRI before being
repositioned
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (CONT)
 Cartilage tears cartilage within the
knee is most
commonly injured.
This happens
through violent
twisting or impacts
which force the knee
out of line
RICE TREATMENT
 Standard treatment for soft tissue injuries is
R
I
C
E
-
REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION
SHOCK
 2 Types of shock –
 Primary shock – faintness which comes on
straight after an emotional or traumatic event –
passes quite quickly with reassurance an keeping
warm.
 True shock – far more serious. This comes about
after a serious injury e.g. a bad cut or fracture.
The person will be close to collapse, grey in
colour and probably shaking. It is essential that
they are treated in hospital. Call an ambulance
immediately.
GENERAL RULES TO FOLLOW
 Do not move the person unless you are sure what
the injury is,
 If they are unconscious or have been you must
phone an ambulance as they must be checked.
 Look at the damaged area and see if there are
any signs of injury – if it is obvious , cuts or
wounds then ask if they can move the area of
injury and stop the bleeding- by pressure with a
clean cloth or bandage.
 If there is no cut talk to the person? – does it hurt,
can you move it? Then look for swellings,
misshapen areas or tenderness.
 If they feel able to stand and move on their own
then they should decide if they are able to
continue – any doubts at all Stop. Playing on can
really aggravate what was a non serious injury.
 If you have had problems going through these
stages then you must get expert help straight
away – big difference between first aid and
medical treatment.
Key Terms
 Stress fractures – a break in the bone caused by
repeated application of a heavy load or constant pounding
on a surface, such as running
 Tennis Elbow – a painful injury or inflammation of the
tendon attached to the elbow joint
 Dilated – enlarged, expanded or widened.
 Sprains – the overstretching or tearing of ligaments at
a joint
 Strains – the overstretching of a muscle, rather than a
joint.