Chapter 2 Task-Specific Strength
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Transcript Chapter 2 Task-Specific Strength
Task Specific Strength
Chapter 2
How, What and Why?
How to train
What should be trained
Why training should be performed
What is strength?
How is it achieved?
Task specific strength has carryover
Elements of Strength
Maximal muscular performance
Pm, Fm & Vm
Parametric relation between these variables?
1RM or personal best
Negative relationships
Force/velocity relationship?
http://www.scripps.edu/cb/milligan/projects.html
Figure 2.1 – 1969
Table on page 19
Nonparametric Relations
Maximum maximorum performance
Only max under favorable conditions
Pmm, Fmm & Vmm
Relation between Pm and Pmm is nonparametric
Nonparametric are positive
Nonparametric cont…
Greater Fmm and Vm WHY?
Stronger and faster
Resistance must be sufficient to allow strength
to be manifested
If force is low then strength plays no role
What sports?
Training should include both
Example on page 21?
Figure 2.2 max force and specific velocity
Defining Strength
Ability to produce Fmm
Concentric – shortening against force
Eccentric – lengthening with force
Isometric – no change with force
Fmm must be against high force
Extrinsic Determining Factors
Mechanical feedback – effect of the outside
forces
Force applied causes a change
Types of resistance
Elastic – force is pos related to distance of stretch
Inertia – F = MA
Hydrodynamic – viscosity
Compound resistance – weights and chains or elastic
Intrinsic Determining Factors
Rate of force development (RFD) – time for
force to be manifested
Time to peak force Tm
Time to peak force is 0.3-0.4 s
Figure 2.8
Explosive strength deficit 50%
Figure 2.8
Finger snap (force accumulation)
Table on page 27 – compare?
Explosive Strength Deficit
May increase Fmm
May increase RFD with explosive work
Strength and power are different
S gradient on page 28
Figure 2.7 - 0.3-0.4 s
Figure 2.9
Velocity
Inverse relationship
AV Hill equation on page 30
Intermediate range is important
Max power is at 1/3
why? (pg 31)
Shot putters vs. javelin throwers?
No relationship between Fmm and Vmm
Figure 2.10
Figure 2.13 P=w/t or FxV
Eccentrics
Much greater than concentric
Why?
Total force velocity curve
Fewer muscle fibers and EMG
DOMS and damage
Figure 2.14
Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)
Eccentric-concentric couple
Countermovement jump
Elasticity – stretch induced – what formula?
Stiffness
Muscle – variable
Tendon – constant
Tension and stiffness are related
Acts like rubber band – Figure 2.15
Neural Mechanisms
Muscle spindles – stretch
Golgi tendons – force
Neural loop – reflex
Training enhances this effect
Figure 2.19 (read top pg. 39)
Strength Curves
Strength changes as a function of ROM
Why is this important for lifting?
Overlap?
Length tension curves
Torque=fd (d=moment arm)
Lever changes and force changes
Figure 2.21
Figure 2.22
Levers and Strength
Strength = force moment arm ratio
Short levers create more force
Line of force action is close to joint when force
is high
Figure 2.26
Summary
Parametric relations are
negative
Nonparametric may be
positive
Max force equals
strength
External factors such as
type of resistance
Time of force
production
RFD is important
(isometric)
Strength and power are
different
Concentric vs. eccentric
strength
SSC reactive strength
Elastic and neural
Spindles vs. golgi
Length tension
Lever length
Next Class
Lab tonight on VJ force, velocity and
jump height (CMJ vs SJ) and
unloaded knee extension velocity (R
vs L)
Homework explanation
Read Huxley article and write synopsis
Next week Chapter 3 and lab