Transcript bloodborne pathogens - Diocese of St. Petersburg

BLOODBORNE
PATHOGENS
FOR SCHOOL EMPLOYEES
Office of Catholic Schools and Centers
The Diocese of St. Petersburg, Florida
Introduction
• In an educational setting, the administration of the
school or system is required to identify the
personnel whose job duties expose them to blood
and potentially infectious body fluids. Not every
educator is occupationally exposed to bloodborne
pathogens while performing his or her job. However,
it is important for everyone in an educational setting
to understand the dangers of infection and the
safety procedures to minimize risk. Teachers,
assistants, office staff, maintenance all have the
potential of exposure and it is in the interest of all to
use sound safety procedures.
Potential Risk of Exposure
• Jobs
• Custodians
• Coaches
• Support Staff
• Clinic aide/nurse
Tasks
Cleaning up bloody waste
Caring for sports injuries
Performing first aid
Illness/Injury care
• TEACHERS--- ALL OF THE ABOVE
The Facts on Bloodborne Diseases
• Bloodborne Pathogens are infectious
microorganisms that cause disease in humans
These microorganisms are carried by human
blood and other body fluids.
• These pathogens include but are not limited to:
HBV - Hepatitis B Virus
HCV – Hepatitis C Virus
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Syphilis
Hepatitis B (HBV)
• Hepatitis B is a infectious illness of the liver that
ranges in severity from a mild illness lasting a few
weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. It results from
infection with the Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B can
be either “acute” or “chronic.”
• There is no cure for HBV.
• HBV poses a greater risk than HCV & HIV because it is
more easily transmitted.
Hepatitis B (HBV) cont.
• Symptoms include fever, jaundice, fatigue, loss of
appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, dark urine,
and vomiting but rarely death.
• People infected with HBV may not know they are
infected or may not have symptoms; however
they can still infect others. The tests, “assays”,
for detection of HBV involves serum and blood
tests
Hepatitis B Vaccine
• HBV can be prevented
• What to do? Receive the Hepatitis B vaccine
and take appropriate safety precautions.
• The vaccine can also be started within 24 hours
of exposure and can be part of a post exposure
evaluation and follow up plan.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
• Hepatitis C is a viral disease that leads to the swelling
(inflammation) of the liver and presents with symptoms
similar to Hepatitis B.
• Frequently people infected with Hepatitis C may not
know or do not have any symptoms. If the is present for
years, the liver becomes permanently scarred. (cirrhosis)
Hepatitis C can lead to death.
• About 1 in 10 people have yellowing of the skin
(jaundice) that gets better. If detected, many patients
benefit from treatment with medications.
Hepatitis C cont.
• Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver
transplants.
• Although vaccines exist for Hepatitis A and B,
there is not a vaccine available for Hepatitis C
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus(HIV)
• HIV attacks the person’s immune system and causes it to
break down. HIV infection is generally a slowly progressive
disease with three stages. The first two stages include a
primary infection and chronic asymptomatic infection.
• In the third stage, the infected person becomes seriously ill
when the immune system loses its ability to fight infection.
• The goals of drug therapy are to prevent damage to the
immune system by the HIV virus.
• There is not a preventative vaccine for HIV but studies are
occurring which could pave the way. HIV symptoms are
treatable.
Syphilis
• Bacterial Infection
• Can be treated with antibiotics
• Virus is fragile, surviving only briefly on
surfaces
• Transmitted sexually
• 4 different stages
Transmission of Bloodborne
Diseases
• Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted when
contaminated blood or body fluids enter the body of
another person. In the workplace setting,
transmission is most likely to occur through:
• An accidental puncture by a sharp object, such as a
needle, broken glass, or other "sharps",
contaminated with the pathogen.
• Contact between broken or damaged skin and
infected body fluids
Transmission of Bloodborne
Pathogens
• Contact between mucous membranes and
infected body fluids.
• Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier
against bloodborne pathogens. However,
infected blood or body fluids can enter
your system percutaneously through:
Open sores, cut, abrasions, acne, any sort
of damaged or broken
Non-Transmitted Ways
• Ways that bloodborne pathogens are
not transmitted.
• Touching an infected person
• Coughing or sneezing
• Air
Transmission - Indirectly
• Contaminated surfaces are a major cause of the
spread of hepatitis.
• HBV can survive on environmental surfaces,
dried and at room temperature, for at least one
week.
• HCV virus does not survive well outside of the
body
• Syphilis virus is very fragile and survives only
briefly on surface
Proper Cleaning
• Proper cleaning of any blood spillsincluding dried blood should be
cleaned using 1:10 dilution of
household bleach to 10 parts water.
Gloves should be used when cleaning
up any blood spills.
Personal Protective Equip. (PPE)
Continued
• The Personal Protective Equipment must fit
properly, especially gloves.
• All Personal Protective Equipment must be free
of physical flaws that could compromise safety.
• You must use appropriate Personal Protective
Equipment each time you perform a task
involving potentially infected materials.
Personal Protective
Equipment(PPE)
• Equipment that protects you from contact with
blood or other potentially infected material
(PIM) include:
• Gloves
• Gowns, Aprons, Lab Coats
• Face Shields, Protective Eye Wear
• Masks, Mouthpieces, Resuscitation Bags
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) - Gloves
• Gloves should be removed when they become
contaminated or damaged or immediately after
finishing the task. You must follow a safe
procedure for glove removal, being careful that
no pathogens from the soiled gloves contact
your hands.
• Properly dispose of the gloves
• Wash hands as soon as you can after removing
gloves
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) – Glove Removal
• Glove Removal
• With both hands gloved, peel one glove off from
top to bottom and hold it in the gloved hand.
• With the exposed hand, peel the second glove from
the inside, tucking the first glove inside the second.
• Dispose of the entire bundle promptly.
• Never touch the outside of the glove with bare skin.
• Every time you remove your gloves, wash your
hands with soap and warm running water as soon
as you possibly can.
Hand Washing
• Hand washing is the #1 protection against
infection.
• Wash hands after coming in contact with blood,
body fluids, excretions, and secretions even if
you were wearing gloves.
• Hand Washing Steps
• Use soap and warm running water for 20
seconds.
Hand Washing cont.
• Rub vigorously over all surfaces, including above
your wrists and under fingernails.
• Rinse thoroughly and dry with a clean paper
towel and discard.
• Use a clean paper towel to turn off the faucet
and discard.
Standard Precautions
• Research shows that proper safety precautions
greatly reduce the risk of coming in contact with
bloodborne pathogens.
• To reduce your risk:
• Handle all blood and body fluids as if they are
infectious.
• Dispose of sharps (needles) safely.
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE)
when exposed to blood and body fluids.
Standard Precautions
• Clean and disinfect areas possibly
contaminated with infectious materials with
the proper cleaning agent or with a mixture of
bleach and water (one part household bleach
to 10 parts water).
• Get the Hepatitis B vaccine.
Standard Precautions – Signs &
Labels
• Watch for fluorescent orange-red labels, red
bags, and containers with a biohazard symbol.
• This symbol will warn you when the contents of
containers are used for waste, storage, or
shipping contain blood or other potential
infectious material.
Safety Guidelines
• Follow safety methods that can help prevent you
from becoming infected with bloodborne
viruses.
• OSHA highly recommends receiving the
immunization for HBV.
• Remember, there are no vaccines for HCV and
HIV, so it is important to follow all safety
precautions.
Safe Practices to Follow
• Clean all blood and bodily fluid spills promptly
according to the Exposure Control Plan.
• Always put a barrier between you and possible
exposure
• Remember safety procedures are for the benefit
of all within the school community
What to do if Exposed?
• Do not panic if you are exposed to blood or
other body fluids.
• Immediately wash the skin area with soap and
water.
• If blood or other potentially infectious material
comes in contact with your eyes, immediately
flush them with large amounts of clean, running
water.
What to do if exposed ?
• Do not use caustic agents, such as bleach to
clean contacted skin areas. They can damage the
skin.
• Report the exposure incident to your
administrator or school nurse so post-exposure
evaluation can begin.
Housekeeping
• Effective housekeeping strategies include:
• Clean and decontaminate all material with the
appropriate disinfectant / cleaner.
• Use a broom and dust pan to pick up broken
glass instead of your hands.
• Dispose of sharps and other potential
infectious material in appropriately marked
containers.
• Handle contaminated laundry as little as
possible.
Scenario 1
• Blood borne pathogens
• A primary student suddenly becomes ill in class and vomits on the
floor of the classroom. Specific procedures must be followed to
eliminate the possible hazard of body fluid exposure. The
procedures include:
• Teacher keeps students…….
• Teacher contacts…..
• Teacher sends………
• Main office……
• Custodian is responsible ………………………
• Custodian uses …………………………
• Custodian ………………….
• Custodian ……………………….
• Custodian …………………………….
• Custodian …………………………………
• Custodian ……………………………….
Scenario 1 responses
• Teacher keeps students away from potential hazard
• Teacher contacts main office
• Main office removes student to nurses office and contacts lead
custodian
• Custodian is responsible for cleaning up all body fluid spills
• Custodian uses protective equipment such as gloves, apron,
protective eyewear, etc.
• Custodian removes body fluid from floor
• Custodian sanitizes floor
• Custodian cleans and decontaminates all equipment and
environmental working surfaces exposed to body fluids
• Custodian removes gloves and disposes in appropriate biohazard
container
• Custodian washes hands with antibacterial soap
Scenario 2
• A teacher is out on the playground with her class and a young
student falls and hits their mouth on the side of the slide.
• Teacher address…………
• Teacher addresses…………….
• Teacher contacts……………
• Main office……………….
• Main office……………
• Custodian ………………….
• Teacher…………………..
• Main office ………….
Scenario 2 responses
• Teacher should immediately address the student who is
hurt using the child’s shirt or another piece of clothing to
hold against wound.
• Teacher should be cognizant of the other children in the
area. Ask them to gather and move to a visible area in
the playground away from the hurt child. Look for adult
assistance within a close proximity.
• Teacher should send two children to notify the office of
the child’s injury and ask for assistance. How can this be
different if a minor scratch or cut?
Scenario 2 con’t
• Main office should send assistance—one to supervise the
children in the group and if a clinic aide/nurse present
send for support.
• Main office should contact parents immediately.
Determine extent of injury, report accurately to parents
and if in doubt of severity, call 911. Why?
• Custodian will clean area, use protective equipment,
decontaminate equipment, remove gloves, dispose of
material appropriately and wash hands with bacterial
soap.
•
Stay Safe!
• Protecting yourself from bloodborne diseases on
the job requires knowing the facts and taking
sensible precautions.
Resources
• The Center for Disease Control www.cdc.gov
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
www.aaos.org
• Board of Regents of the University System of
Georgia www.usg.edu
• Occupational Safety & Health Administration
(OSHA) www.osha.gov
• July 2014