Transcript blood born pathogen facts - Southside Community Services Board

Southside Community Services
BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN
FACTS
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
(BBP)
• Written by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Title 29 of the code of Federal Regulations (29
CPR1910.1030)
• Purpose: To protect you and to reduce the risks
for occupational exposure to disease.
• Describes policies and practices that employers
must establish to protect employees who have
contact with blood/body fluids in their job.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standards
(BBP)
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The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard describes
important strategies that can reduce the risk of
infection on the job. These include the following:
Exposure Control Plan
Engineering Controls
Work Practice Controls
Standard Precautions/Personal Protective
Equipment
Housekeeping
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Occupational Exposure Follow-up
Blood Born Pathogens
what are they????
• Disease causing microorganisms that may
be present in human blood or other
potentially infectious material.
• Treat all blood and/or body fluids as if they
are infectious.
• Some examples of pathogens are the
following: HIV, Hepatitis B virus, and
hepatitis C virus.
Hepatitis B
• Serious Liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus.
• The virus can survive in dried blood on a surface for 7
days.
• 800,000 chronically infected
• Some individuals infected have no symptoms.
• Treatment is available to keep the virus in control.
• Vaccine is available & offered by the employer to all
employees who have been identified as having
potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens. (series of
three injections), if any dose is missed the procedure
must be repeated.
Hepatitis C
• Serious Liver disease caused by the hepatitis C
virus
• The hepatitis C virus, can live outside the body
for up to 7 days
• Many individuals will not have any symptoms for
up to 20 years after initial infection
• 3.2 million chronically infected
• Infection is chronic in up to 85 percent of cases
• Treatment is available to help control virus
Symptoms of Hepatitis B and
Hepatitis C Virus
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Yellowing of the skin or whites of eyes
Feeling tired/fatigued
Pain in the abdomen
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Damage to the liver
Can lead to chronic illness and maybe even
death.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
• Virus that causes the immune system the loss of the ability
to fight off infection or disease.
• There are more than 1.1 million (reported cases)
• Chronic infection that can progress to Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Antiviral Medications are used to treat illness and control
symptoms. There is no cure for HIV or AIDS.
• HIV can survive outside the body for a few hours in certain
bodily fluids, when dry it cannot function.
• There is no vaccine available.
Symptoms of HIV
Infection
• Extreme tiredness
• Unexplained fever
• Poor appetite/rapid weight loss with no
other known cause
• Swollen glands
• Other illness risk increased greatly
• Can cause AIDS to develop
• Can lead to death
Transmission
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Bloodborne pathogens can enter the body in
many ways.
Needles/lancets/razors
Broken glass
Skin exposures through cuts, abrasions, burns,
and mucous membranes of eyes, mouth, nose,
and unprotected sex.
Contamination of your mouth, eyes, nose or
open skin after contact with contaminated blood
or body fluids, contaminated
equipment/surfaces.
Universal Precautions = Prevention
• Universal Precautions. Universal
precautions is an approach to infection
control to treat all human blood and certain
human body fluids as if they were known
to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other
bloodborne pathogens, (Bloodborne
Pathogens Standard 29 CFR
1910.1030(b) definitions).
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29
CFR 1910.1030(d)(1)
• Employees are to observe Universal Precautions to prevent contact
with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM).
When unable to differentiate between body fluid types, all body
fluids shall be considered potentially infectious.
• OPIM as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1030(b):
• Human body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid,
synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic
fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid that is visibly
contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in situations where it is
difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids;
Standard Precautions
• Standard precautions includes the use of: hand
washing, appropriate personal protective
equipment such as gloves, gowns, masks,
whenever touching or exposure to patients' body
fluids is anticipated.
• blood
• all body fluids, secretions, and excretions,
except sweat, whether or not they contain visible
blood
• non-intact skin, or mucous membranes
Hand Washing
• Hand washing is the number one way to prevent the spread of illness
or disease.
• Turn faucet on with a paper towel
• Adjust water temperature
• Remove all jewelry (this includes watches and bracelets)
• Wet hands and apply soap
• Wash hands for at least 20 seconds, making sure to get around your
fingernails, under your nails, and between your fingers.
• Dry your hands with a paper towel and use it to turn off the faucet.
Dispose of paper towel correctly.
• You may use waterless hand sanitizers if you do not have immediate
access to soap and water, then wash your hands with soap and water
as soon as possible
Hand Hygiene
• Always wash hands in between working with individuals
receiving services and before and after entering an
individuals room.
• Every time you remove your gloves
• WASH HANDS IMMEDIATELY if they come in contact with
blood or other body fluids.
• Nails should be no longer than ¼ inch and artificial nails
should not be worn.
• Always keep any broken areas on hands covered with a
bandage. Change when soiled.
Personal Hygiene
• No food or drinks in refrigerators/freezers or on surfaces
where potentially infectious materials could be present.
• Do not us latex gloves with petroleum-based products, you
should use a non-latex glove.
• Always wash hands before and after smoking.
• Always wash hands before eating or drinking.
• Always wash hands after use of the restroom.
Sharps Safety
• Use of self-sheathing or retractable needles
• Never recap, bend, or break needles
• Always use a Sharps container and change as
indicated (1/2 full)
• Never reuse needles/lancets
• Never leave needles/sharps unattended
• All individuals receiving services must have their
own devices.
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Use of appropriate size gloves**(Whenever possible, use latex free
gloves such as vinyl gloves, especially if you or an individual that you
are assisting has an allergy to latex.)
• Shoe covers
• Head covers
• Safety glasses/Face shield
• Resuscitation devices (pocket mask/micro-shield barrier)
• Disposable gowns, apron or a lab coat
• You should always wear PPE when working around blood as
splashing may occur.
Proper removal of Gloves
• Grip one glove on the outside near the cuff and pull the
glove down gently until it comes off inside out, cup it in
the palm of your remaining gloved hand.
• Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the wrist/cuff
area of the remaining glove and peel it down. As it
comes off it will be inside out and contain the first glove
inside it.
• If the gloves are contaminated with blood or body fluids,
place them in a biohazard waste bag/box or if one is not
available you can place them in a plastic bag that can be
sealed before you dispose of the glove.
• Follow appropriate hand washing procedures.
Housekeeping
• Wear appropriate PPE for the task at hand
• Utility gloves can be reused if undamaged, they must be cleaned
after each use to prevent cross contamination, and inspected
frequently for any damage.
• Use standard precautions when handling all linens, and bath
towels/washcloths etc.
• Appropriate clean up of blood and or body fluids with approved
cleaner or the use ¼ cup of bleach mixed with 1 gallon of water is
sufficient to clean up blood and or body fluids if left on the surface for
a period of at least 20 minutes.
• Use disposable towels/wipes if possible to clean up all spills of
blood/body fluids and place in appropriate container.
• All items that are not disposable, must be cleaned after use with the
bleach solution or other approved cleaner.
Action if exposed
• Remove your gloves as instructed earlier and
immediately wash the exposed/affected area
with soap and large amounts of water.
• If blood or body fluids have splashed into your
eyes, nose, or mouth rinse the exposed/affected
area with large amounts of water.
• Report your exposure to your employer
immediately, and document on the Employee
Incident/Accident report form.
• Follow up with a medical provider as instructed
for appropriate treatment/testing and keep all
follow-up appointments.
Medical Records
• Records for employees are maintained for
duration of employment plus 30 years in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1130.
• If injury caused by sharps this information
must be kept for a period of 5 years, to
include the type of device, location of
incident and description of incident.
Summary
• Bloodborne Pathogen Standards apply to
anyone that is exposed to blood/body fluids
during performance of their job tasks.
• Employers must offer the Hepatitis B vaccine
series to all employees who have been identified
as having potential exposure to blood/body
fluids during the performance of their job
assignments.
• PPE (personal protective equipment) must be
provided by your employer.
Summary Continued
• Exposures to blood/body fluids must be reported
immediately to your supervisor, and an
Employee Incident/Accident report must be
completed.
• It is your responsibility to utilize all of the
components of standard precautions, and to
follow policies and procedures that have been
established by your employer to maintain your
safety and reduce the risk of exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
Resources
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens/index.html
• Virginia Department of Health
- http://www.vdh.virginia.gov
• Department of Environmental Quality
- http://www.deq.state.va.us/
• American Heart Association - Heartsaver Bloodborne Pathogens
- Gonzales, Louis, EMT-P, First Aid Subcommittee Chair 2009