Hepatitis B Infections Asymptomatic Cases 50% Symptomatic Cases
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Transcript Hepatitis B Infections Asymptomatic Cases 50% Symptomatic Cases
National policy on Hepatitis B
at the Workplace
Press conference
17 November 2009
Hepatitis B
What is it?
Hep B is a serious disease caused by a
virus that infects the liver
Can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (liver
scarring), liver cancer, liver failure and
death
Geographical distribution
HBsAg Prevalence
8% - High
2-7% - Intermediate
<2% - Low
Hepatitis B
Incubation period
60-90 days on average (range 45-180
days)
infectious weeks before getting ill and for
variable period after acute infection
chronic carriers remain infectious
Hepatitis B
Symptoms
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Vomiting
Fatigue
Fever
Dark urine
Pale stool
Jaundice
Stomach pain
Side pain
A person may have all, some or none of these
Hepatitis B Infections
Asymptomatic Cases
50%
Symptomatic Cases
50%
Clear Virus; Healthy
90-94%
Hepatitis B Chronic Carriers
6-10%
Death
0.05%
Chronic Liver Disease
Death from Cirrhosis
1.7%
Death-Primary Liver Cancer
0.4%
Hepatitis B transmission
How do you get it?
Direct contact with blood or body fluids of
an infected person
sharing injection equipment
sex
baby from infected mother during childbirth
Hepatitis B is not spread by food, water
or casual contact
Hepatitis B carriers
Who is a carrier of Hep B virus?
Some people with Hep B never fully
recover from the infection (chronic
infection)
They still carry the virus and can infect
others for the rest of their lives
Hepatitis B prevention
Hepatitis B vaccine:
Safe
Effective: >90% of recipient become
immune
Recommended for workers with jobs where
exposure to blood might happen
Mandatory for
Hepatitis B policy
Employer responsibilities
Ensure safe and healthy working
conditions for employees who may be
exposed to blood or body fluids
Risk assessment
Vaccination
Protective equipment
Medical care for exposure incidents
Employee responsibilities
Ethical & legal obligations to safeguard
their health and that of their clients
If they have any reasons to believe they
may have been exposed to infection
with a blood-borne virus including HBV,
should promptly seek & comply with
confidential professional advice
Hepatitis B policy:
risk categories
High
Intermediate
Significant risk of acquiring HB from others
Low
Significant risk of acquiring HB from others
Potential to spread HB if a carrier
Potential risk of acquiring HB from others
Negligible
Potential risk of acquiring HB from others
Hepatitis B policy:
action requirements
High
Intermediate
Must receive HB vaccine and do immunity test
Low
Must receive HB vaccine and do immunity test
If immunity test negative, tested for HB virus
If found to be a carrier, cannot perform exposure prone
procedures
Encouraged to receive HB vaccine and do immunity test
Negligible
HB vaccine after risk assessment