Transcript hepatitis B surface antigen

HEPATITIS VIRAL DISEASE
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Alcoholic Hepatitis
The inflammation of the liver
caused by the long-term heavy intake of alcohol.
Symptoms include enlargement of the liver,
development of fluids in the abdomen, and
elevation of liver enzymes.
Alcoholic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis if
heavy alcohol use continues.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
in people with fatty liver
no history of alcohol use.
Symptoms fatigue, pain in the upper right
abdomen, and weight loss.
In the most severe cases, non-alocholic fatty liver
disease can progress to liver failure.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
the inflammation of the liver resulting
from the body's own immune system attacking
the liver.
This disease is chronic and has very minor
symptoms.
When symptoms do occur, fatigue, abdominal
discomfort, itching, jaundice, enlarged liver,
and nausea.
If left untreated, automimmune hepatitis can
lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.
INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
(A-E VIRAL)
PENYEBARAN HEPATITIS A-E (virus)
VIRUS HEPATITIS
Hepatitis A Virus (Hepeviridae family)
Hepatitis B Virus (Hepadnaviridae family)
Hepatitis C Virus (Flaviviridae family)
Hepatitis E Virus (Hepeviridae family)
HAV
HCV
HBV
HEV
HEPATITIS A
Hepatitis A,
is transmitted by a fecal to
mouth route.
The most common ways to
become infected is
consuming contaminated
food or water, or sexually.
Due to those facts, its found
much more in third world
countries.
Hepatitis A
INCUBATION :15-45 days
Within a week,
jaundice causing a yellowing
of the skin and eyes.
Symptoms are as follows:
Fatigue
Fever
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Diarrhea
Appetite loss
Depression
Jaundice
Weight loss
Sharp pains in upper right side
of abdomen
This strain of the virus
does not have a chronic stage,
vaccination
permanently prevent the illness
HEPATITIS B
HEPATITIS B
PENYEBARAN
PENULARAN HEPATITIS B
Hepatitis B transmitted via :
blood transfusions, tattoos,
sharing drug needles, and
breastfeeding a child.
sexually transmitted disease ?
Many people refer to it as an STI
or sexually transmitted infection.
GEJALA HEPATITIS B
hepatitis B
acute or chronic.
Over 85% of adults who get the virus
will build up anti-bodies and fight it off.
Acute symptoms include:
Ill health
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
General pains
Mild fever
Dark Urine
Jaundice
DIAGNOSIS
• HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen):
positive means infected with HBV
• Anti-HBs (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen):
positive, it means immune to HBV infection,
either from vaccination or from past infection
and cannot pass the disease to others.
DIAGNOSA
• Anti-HBc (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen):
positive or reactive, it means
HBV infection or
HBV in the past.
• IgM anti-HBc:
positive or reactive,
HBV recent infection .
Hepatitis Be-Ag
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)
correlated with
active viral replication,
clinical infection
In chronic hepatitis B
Conversion to (e ag–negative, e Ab–positive)
Means decreased inflammation,
with normal transaminase and decreased levels of HBV DNA
in serum—the inactive carrier state.
The e- ag marker is also absent in patients
with (core or precore mutants).
HbsAg carriers do not have detectable HBV DNA in serum.
PREVENTION
Hepatitis B vaccine is the best protection.
(VACCINE safe & effective)
o A combined vaccine hepatitis A and B is for over 18
years age
o Routine vacc. recommend for young people aged 0 to
18 years.
o Vaccination recommend for risk groups of all ages.
o The usual dosage is 3 x injections given over a 6
months period.
PREVENTION
• sex use latex condoms correctly and every time
• Infants born to HBV-infected mothers
give hepatitis B immune globulin
and vaccine within 12 hours after birth.
• Do not shoot drugs, never share drugs, needles, syringes, water,
or "works," and get vaccinated against
hepatitis A and hepatitis B (if not already infected).
• Do not share personal-care that might have blood on them
(e.g., razors, toothbrushes).
• Assess the risk getting a tattoo or body piercing.
• hepatitis B, do not donate blood, organs, or tissue.
• injecting drugs, the tools are sterile and don’t share with others.
Health care or public safety worker,
get vaccinated against hepatitis B,
TREATMENT
Most people recover on six months of the initial infection.
remain infected after that period,should be evaluated
Adefovir
dipivoxil,
alpha interferon,
lamivudine
3 drugs licensed for the treatment of persons with chronic
hepatitis B.
These drugs should not be used by pregnant women.
Drinking alcohol can make your liver disease worse
HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis C
Acute hepatitis C is often mistaken
for the flu, are very similar.
60% acute hepatitis C never knew
symptoms :
Decreased apatite Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Itchiness
Jaundice
Mild fever
Dark Urine, Jaundice
if left untreated, leads to:
liver cancer, cirrhosis, and fatal
scarring of the liver.
DIAGNOSIS HCV
• HCV determined
by a specific blood test detects antibody
(the antibody is insufficient immunity).
The test does not distinguish acute and chronic infection
or past versus present infection.
If test is positive,
a supplemental test should be done to confirm HCV
infection status and exclude laboratory error.
• This test is not a part of a routine physical exam.
PREVENTION HCV
• There is NO vaccine to prevent HCV infection
• Don’t touch anything have the blood of an infected person
• Don’t share anything that might have blood on it.
• Use latex condoms correctly and every time
• Notify physician and dentist that you are infected with HCV.
• Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B.
• HCV, limit or do not drink alcohol.
TREATMENT
the treatment of choice
• Combination therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin
Interferon side effects, flu-like symptoms
Ribavirin, given by mouth, can cause birth defects.
(early destruction of red blood cells and severe anemia .
a pregnancy should not take ribavirin.
(should not be attempted until 6 months after treatment has
ended).
• Treatment of children with HCV is under investigation.
• all liver transplants are performed for end-stage hepatitis C.
• no specific evidence proving that herbal relieves hepatitis
symptoms or fights the virus.
many herbs are toxic to the liver.
Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV)
also known as the delta antigen
 called delta antigen – after the 3 known HBV antigens
 single-stranded RNA virus
 spherical in shape with a diameter of 35-37 nm
 considered to be a subviral satellite
 HBV-infected humans are the only established host


it only infects people with active HBV infection
blood contact
 parenteral route
 sexual
 transfusion of contaminated blood or blood
products
 accidental needle sticks, tattoos
 ear piercing
 sharing of infected razors
 intravenous drug abuse, male homosexuals
 mentally retarded patients
 those who receive frequent IV procedures

HEPATITIS E
HEPATITIS E
ANIMAL RESERVOIR HEPATITIS E
ANIMAL RESERVOIR HEPATITIS E
DIAGNOSTICUM
RESUME
RESUME