Transcript Medical Asepsis and OSHA Standards

Medical Asepsis and OSHA Standards
Why are germs important?
What is a germ?
How are germs spread?
Should we all be doing the same
thing, in terms of cleaning?
Medical Asepsis
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Asepsis = free of microorganisms
Microorganisms
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Tiny organisms….microscopic
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Types of microorganisms
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Animals or plants
Bacteria – single cell organisms
Virus – not living, smallest of organisms
Fungi – parasitic plants
Parasites – live off of a host
Amoebas and paramecium. – multi-celled organisms
Pathogens – disease causing microbes
Growth requirement for
microorganisms.
• Nutrition – food and chemicals
• Oxygen – some need it some don’t
– Aerobes live in oxygen
– Anaerobes live without oxygen
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Temperature – optimum growth
Light or darkness
Moisture
pH – acidity or alkaline (basic)
How microorganisms are spread
• Need a germ (what’s another word)
• Need a host
– carrier
• Need a way to get that germ from one person
to another.
– Examples?
• Need someone to give it to and a way into
that person.
– Examples?
Infection cycle
Protective mechanisms of the body
• The skin – barrier protection.
• Mucous membranes – skin on parts of the
body that “turn in”
• Mucus and cilia – mucus traps and cilia
brushes it out of the body
• Mechanical – cough, sneeze and tears.
• pH – sweat, urine, stomach and secretions
Medical asepsis
• Hand hygiene
– Hand washing
• Routine Hand washing
• Antiseptic or surgical hand
washing
• Alcohol based
– “Quick wash”
– Not soiled
• Gloves – not a substitute for hand
washing!
– Flora – microorganisms
• Resident – normal
• Transient–not normally there
• Hand washing
– Most important!
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Warm to hot water
Soap/detergent
Friction
Time (how long?)
– When to wash your hands?
• Start and end of day
• Before & after each pt.
• Before & after eating.
– See pg 54 in text. Wash,
gloves.
Questions about microorganisms
and medical asepsis?
What is the best way to prevent the
spread of disease?
What things do you need to spread
disease?
OSHA Standards
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
– Establish rules for a safe working environment
– All health care workers must follow these rules.
• Bloodborne pathogens
– Viruses
• Hepatitis B
• HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
– AIDS – Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome
Means of transmission by contact
• Direct contact
– Involves directly touching a
susceptible host
– Examples
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Taking vital signs
Handshake
Sexual contact
etc
• Indirect contact
– Does NOT involve direct
contact
– Examples
• Airborne particles
• Droplets
• Residual pathogens
Stages of infection
• Incubation period
– From initial infection until signs of first symptoms.
• Prodromal period
– Vague, early symptoms
• Period of illness
– disease is at it’s peak
• Declined period
– decline of symptoms
• Period of convalescence
– body returns to pre-disease state
Stages of infection
How to prevent exposure
• Control in the workplace
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All body fluids are contaminated
Observe warning labels
Bandage cuts before work
Wash your hands!
If mucous contact, rinse the area
Needle safety. Sharps container.
Never re-cap!
No eating, drinking, etc. Hand to
mouth gestures.
3 refrigerators
Make sure equipment is working
properly before use
If and accident happens, get help
immediately!
• Personal protective
equipment
– Types of equimpent
• Gloves, gown, faceshield
– Blocks bloodborne pathogens
– Provided by employer
– Alternatives to those who are
allergic to certain things
– Wear gloves properly
– Eye, face protection.
– If blood or body fluid penetrates
fabric, it must be removed
immediately
Universal Precautions
• All body fluids are considered to be
contaminated.
– Hepatitis B
– Hepatitis C
– HIV
– ETC
Hepatitis B Virus
• A bloodborne virus that causes liver disease
– -it is mean inflammation
• Can be transmitted from patient to health
care worker
• Very strong virus outside of the body.
• How do we protect ourselves?
Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Must be offered by your employer within 10
working days of start of employment.
– Hepatitis B vaccination
• 3 shot series
– 1st, then 2nd 1month later, final one 6 months later.
– Reasons why someone would not get a Hep B shot
• Previously immunized
• Antibody testing (titers)
• Contraindications
Hep B Vaccine Refusal
Refusal of the Hepatitis B Vaccine
I, _________________________________, understand that due to my
clinical exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material I may be at
risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been notified of the
availability of the hepatitis B vaccine and realize that it is a requirement of
the Athletic Training Education Program to receive this vaccine. However, I
decline the hepatitis Bvaccination at this time. I understand that by declining
this vaccine, I continue to be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a serious and
potentially fatal disease. If in the future I want to be vaccinated with hepatitis
B vaccine, I can choose to do so.
Employee Signature____________________________________________
Social Security Number __________________________ Date _________
Regulated Medical Waste
• Where to dispose of medical waste and
disposable medical equipment?
– Regular trash container
• Not saturated with body fluids. Band-aid
– Biohazard Sharps container
• Anything sharp. Used or not. “drug paraphernalia”
– Biohazard “red bag” container
• Saturated in blood
– Sanitary sewer
• Large volumes of biohazard liquids
Housekeeping
• Specific procedures must be followed
– Clean and decontaminate equipment and surfaces
after all procedures. Example in lab.
• Detergent. What else can be used?
– Do not pick up glass, even with gloves!
– Handle all laundry as if it is soiled
– Biohazard (sharps) containers
• Dirty? Clean it. Full? Replace it.
Review
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What is OSHA?
What are way disease can be spread?
What are the stages of infection?
What is Universal Precautions?
What is Hepatitis B?
How do we get rid of contaminated medical
waste?