Transcript Katherine WISE Powerpoint Presentation

Development of an
Antenatal Screening Kit
Katherine Paseman
Under supervision of:
Sean Monagle, Maxim
Budyansky, & Kristy Peterson,
Impetus

Undergraduate CBID Program at Hopkins

Jhpiego
Problem

Each year 6.3 million pregnant women and
infants die due to preventable complications
of pregnancy

In developing countries 32% of women have
no access to antenatal screening and when you
look into the rural regions of these countries
you will find this number to be as high as 80%.
Problem

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia cause 576,000
deaths per year

Current methods for detection are dipsticks
(20-30 cents/ dipstick)

Cheap treatments are available
The “Key Question”

Is there a way to improve the technology which
already exists to detect Pre-eclampsia so
that it is cheaper, more effective, and can
be used as a platform to detect other
diseases?

(like gestational diabetes, and UTIs, and
most other diseases which can be detected by
Dipsticks)
Quick Appendix

Pre-Eclampsia: High blood pressure
Indicator: Protein

Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes during
pregnancy
Indicator: Ketones

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Infection
in urinary tract
Indicator: Nitrites
Current Progress
Patent Reading
Reagent Design Factors

Thermal and Light Stability

Moisture Resistance

Evaporation

Color Uniformity
Device Design

Paper

Pen vs. dropper vs. spray

Opaque vs. clear

Packaging
Ketones

Fats not glucose  Ketosis

Two methods for detection
acetoacetic acid
β-Hydroxybutyric
Acetone (CH3)2CO
Acetoacetic acid
CH3C(O)CH2CO2H
β-Hydroxybutyric
acid C4H8O3
Ketones
Efficacy Comparison
Ketone
Problems

No specific concentration

Ketone decay
Nitrites

Not all UTIs caused by bacteria
Nitrites
Color Change due to Light
Nitrites
Color Change due to Light
Nitrites
Efficacy Comparison
Nitrite
Problems

Light exposure

Low threshold

Stunted Research
What I’ve Learned about
Research

Ask questions, make observations

Expertise optional, enthusiasm required
Bibliography









Dr. Anthony Speroni, Urinalysis Results Interpretation,
http://www.drsperoni.com/downloads/articles/Urinalysis_Results_Interpretation.pdf,
Jhpiego.org
Wilson et. al, Denver Health Medical Center, (April 15, 2004), Laboratory Diagnosis of
Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Patients, Medical Microbiology,
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/8/1150.full.pdf
Lillian Mundt, MHS, (2013), Chemical Screening of Urine by Reagent Strip, MediaLab,
http://www.medialabinc.net/spg506373/nitrite_test_sensitivity.aspx
Gary R. Skankey, MD, FACP, Infectious Disease, Las Vegas, NV, (no date), A Practical Guide to
Diagnosis and Treatment of Infection in the Outpatient Setting Diagnosis and Treatment of
Urinary Tract Infections,
http://www.nevadapublichealthfoundation.org/userfiles/file/Physician%20Antibiotics%20Materi
als/Article-Diagnosis_and_Treatment_of_UTIs.pdf
Hiren P. Patel, Ohio State University, (2006), The Abnormal Urinalysis, Pediatric Clinics of North
America,
http://inovapeds.org/library/readings/Proteinuria/The%20Abnormal%20Urinanaylsis.pdf
American Diabetes Association, (January 2003) Tests of Glycemia in Diabetes,
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/26/suppl_1/s106.full.pdf
Sacks et. al, Harvard Medical School, (3/02) Guidelines and Recommendations for
Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus, Clinical Chemistry,
http://www.clinchem.org/content/48/3/436.full.pdf