Transcript Communicable diseases

Communicable Diseases
Preventing STDs
STDs- the silent epidemic
Epidemic- an outbreak of an infectious
disease that

new cases of STDs are
reported each year in the U.S.
Numerous cases go unreported because of
STDs and adolescents
 CDCsexually active teens will
contract an STD before graduating from high
school
 Teens are at high risk because…
They tend to have
opposed to a single long-term relationship
They are engaging in
They select partners at
• History of
• Intravenous
as
STDs and your future
 Some STDs cause
 Infants born to infected mothers can be
infected also and suffer consequences such
as
 Some STDs are incurable; individual must
live with
 Individuals with STDs are at greater risk for
 The primary means of transmission of STDs
is
Myths about STDs
You can get STDs only if you have lots of
sexual partners.
FACT: You can get an STD from
STDs can easily be cleared up with
antibiotics.
FACT: Some types of STDs are
Myths cont.
 If you have an STD; you would have symptoms
of the disease.
 FACT: In some cases, especially early in the
disease,
 Once the symptoms of an STD go away, the
disease is cured.
 FACT: You can still have an STD,
Myths cont.
 You can have only one type of STD at a time.
 FACT: It is possible to have more than
 Once infected with an STD, you cannot get it
again.
 FACT: No one can become immune to STDs.
Myths cont.
 A vaccine can prevent the spread of STDs.
 FACT: No vaccine exists for STDs,
 Having a Pap test is one way a female can find
out if she has an STD.
 FACT: A Pap test detects cancer cells,
Myths cont.
STDs are not a problem with teens
FACT: 2/3 of all STD cases occur to
Communicable diseases
Common STDs and their
treatments
Bacterial STDs
Chlamydia
 Infection caused by
bacteria that
Chlamydia - symptoms
 Males
 Diagnosis
 Pain and burning during
 Laboratory test
 Unusual discharge from
the
 Possible problems
 Female
 Not always
 Unusual
 Pain in pelvic region
 Painful
 Steriiltiy
 Nongoncoccal
uretrhritis: NGU bacteria infect
 Pelvic inflammatory
disease: PID - painful
infection of
Chlamydia cont.
 How it is spread
Sexual
Carried on hands
Transmitted to baby
during
 Treatment
Antibiotics
Scar tissue or sterility -
 Other Facts
CDC - 4 million new
cases
Infants - can cause eye
infection, blindness,
and
Gonorrhea
 Bacteria that affects
the genital mucous
membrane,
 Clap, the drip, a dose
Gonorrhea - Symptoms
 3 days to 6 weeks
 Males

% asymptomatic

discharge
Burning sensation
during
Lymph nodes in the
groin may also become
 Females
 % asymptomatic
Slight
Burning during
Abnormal
Abdominal pain or
Painful
Gonorrhea cont.
 Diagnosis
Male - examine
discharge
 Possible problems
Females Males - narrowing or
blocking of urethra;
Female - culture
Both - sterility, arthritis,
Gonorrhea cont.
 How it spreads
Sexual
Transmit to
 Treatment
Antibiotic
Series of shots of
 Other facts
Cannot live outside the
body - dies
Symptoms may go
away on their own but
the disease
Babies eyes - all babies
silver nitrate or
Syphilis
 Small bacteria that
attacks
 Bacteria  Syph, pox, bad blood
Syphilis - symptoms
Primary stage
Chancre - painless, reddish sore at the
place

days after contact
Chancre last
Will go
Syphilis - symptoms
secondary stage
 Pathogen will

month after contact - highly contagious
stage

on chest, back of
arms & legs (females outer edge of vagina)
 Sores may develop giving off a
filled with infectious bacteria
 Swelling of the
- arms and groin
 Fever, sore throat, an general sick feeling are
 Without treatment symptoms will disappear
but the
Syphilis - symptoms
latent stage

years after initial infection
Many people believe they are cured or
perhaps
Syphilis begins to attack the heart and
blood vessels and the
Damage to the areas is
Can relapse into the second stage and
Syphilis - symptoms
Neurosyphilis stage

years
Loses the ability to coordinate muscular
movements, may experience
This stage can be treated but
Syphilis cont.
 Diagnosis

test
 How it is spread
Sexual
 Possible problems
Left untreated can
damage
- heart, liver, kidneys,
central nervous system,
and brain
Heart disease,
blindness,
 Treatment
Penicillin
Early treatment
Viral STDs
Genital Warts
 Pink or reddish warts
with cauliflower like
tops that
 Human papilloma
virus (
)
Genital warts - symptoms
 Males
Wart on the
 Diagnosis
Usually made on the
basis of
Blood
 Females
Most are internal -
 Possible problems
Cervical cancer
Scar tissue
Genital warts
 How this is spread
Sexual
 Treatment
No
Remove by
Application of
prescription
 Other facts
Known cause for
cervical cancer
Can pass warts along
even when there
Genital Herpes
 Blister like sores in
the
 Caused by herpes
simplex type
 Herpes simplex type
1-
Genital Herpes cont.
 Symptoms

days
 Blisters
 Fever
 Burning sensation upon
 Diagnosis
 Medical examination of
sores verified by
 Possible problems
 With the help of moisture
and friction, the virus can
spread to other areas of
the body - told not to
 Cause
Genital Herpes cont.
 How it is spread
Sexual
Direct contact with an
infected person or
 Treatment
No
Medication to
 Other facts
Herpes may last as
long as
for
one outbreak
Blisters can break out
at any time and often
occur during
To avoid spreading avoid sexual contact
during blisters and
Parasite STDs
Trichomoniasis
 Vaginal infection that
can lead to
 Parasite
 Trich
Trichomoniasis - symptoms
 Males
 Itching of the
 Clear
 Pain upon
 Females
 Burning and itching in the
 Yellowish-green
 Pain upon
 Diagnosis
 Laboratory
 Possible problems
 NGU
 Vaginitis: common
inflammation
 Caused by bacteria,
protozoan, or virus
transmitted through
semen and other body
secretions
Trichomoniasis - cont.
 How it is spread
Sexual
 Treatment
Medication
 Other facts
Males rarely are
infected but
Pubic Lice
 Tiny insects that
attach themselves to
 Parasite
 Crabs
Pubic lice cont.
 Symptoms
 Intense
 How it is spread
 Sexual
 Contact with
 Diagnosis
 Visual
 Treatment
 Prescription or OTC drugs
–

, vacuuming
carpets and furniture
Pubic lice - other facts
 Can survive for
without human
contact
 Mites (eggs) can
survive for
 Size of
Scabies
 Skin
 They attach
themselves to the
base of

 Parasite
Scabies cont.
 Symptoms

 Diagnosis
after
Laboratory
infection

similar to those found
during the primary
stage of syphilis
Found:
 How it is spread
Sexual
Contact with surface
where
Scabies cont.
 Treatment
Hot baths and

Wash bedding,
 Other facts
Mite - not visible
Other STDs
Chancroid
 Deep sore
 Bacterial infection
with many similarities
to
 Antibiotics
Candidiasis

of the
vagina
 Occurs without sexual
contact but often
 Yellowish discharge,
 Medicated creams or
Hepatitis B
Virus attacks
Symptoms do not show up for
Vaccine is
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
HIV virus that causes
Spread through contact with
No
Disorder is
Responsibility of infected
individuals
Responsibility
 Individual must seek
because
it will not go away on its own
 Information will remain
- doctor
or public heath clinic
 Important to notify all people with whom he or
she ahs had
 Infected person has responsibility to
about symptoms and risk of the STDs
and encourage them to have a medical checkup