Transcript Document
SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
WHAT IS STD?
STD is the invasion of an organism in body
tissue…..
Transmitted from one person to another….
During sexual contact
WHAT DOES STD HAVE
TO DO WITH ME?
KARA
Steady partner of
Bruce for two years
Pregnant but doesn’t
know
BRUCE
Steady partner of Kara
for the past two years
Had sex with Becky six
weeks ago after a fight
with Kara
HIV positive, but doesn’t
know – never tested
BECKY
Had sex one time with
Bruce
Occasionally has sex
with Brad
Sometimes likes to “party”
& usually ends up having
sex with James
Has chlamydia with no
symptoms
JAMES
Injection drug user
Never uses condoms
Takes home a different girl
every night
Has herpes
Has hepatitis C
BRAD
Has had sex with Becky
Had sex with Chris once
when he got high at a party
Has sex with Shelby
CHRIS
Homosexual
No steady partner
Sometimes uses condoms
Has hepatitis B
SHELBY
“Steady” partner of Brad
Unaware that Brad has
sex with anyone but her
BRUCE
BECKY
HIV +
Chlamydia - likes
to “party”
(Unknown)
JAMES
IDU, herpes
Hepatitis C
???
KARA
BRAD
SHELBY
Pregnant
Got “high” at a
party –
homosexual?
Only has sex with
brad
(Unknown)
“Monogamous”
CHRIS
Homosexual
Hepatitis b
???
HOW COMMON IS STD?
Of the top ten most frequently reported
diseases in the U.S. in 1995, half accounting for 87% of all cases - were
sexually transmitted (CDC)
The U.S. has the highest rates of
curable STDs in the developed world
WHAT HAS HAMPERED
EFFORTS TO PREVENT
STDs IN THE PAST?
“…Nice people don’t talk about
syphilis, nice people don’t have
syphilis, and nice people shouldn’t
do anything about those who do
have syphilis.”
Dr. Thomas Parran, “Why Can’t We Stamp Out
Syphilis?”
Reader’s Digest / July 1936:65
BACTERIAL
STDs
CURABLE?
Syphilis - 70,000 new cases annually
Gonorrhea
- 650,000 each year
Chlamydia
- 3 million (most common)
American Social Health Association
VIRAL STDS
VIRAL STDs
Result in lifelong incurable infection
Some American adults think that all
STDs are curable
INCURABLE?
HIV / AIDS
Herpes
Genital warts (HPV)
Hepatitis B /C (vaccine?)
STD INFECTIONS INCREASE
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HIV
People with active STD are:
3-5 times more likely to contract HIV
3-5 times more likely to infect others
with HIV
TRANSMISSION OF STDs
OCCURS THROUGH FOUR
BASIC ROUTES
1. SEMEN/VAGINAL
FLUID TRANSMITS:
HIV
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Hepatitis B
VIA:
Intimate sexual activities in which
fluids are passed from an infected
person to another person
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:
Avoiding activities that increase contact
with body fluids
Using a latex barrier
2. BLOOD TRANSMITS:
HIV
Hepatitis B/C
VIA:
Needles and drug paraphernalia
Sexual activities
Blood products
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:
Not sharing needles - any!
Cleaning needles?
Not having sex when blood is present
Latex barriers
3.
SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT
TRANSMITS:
Syphilis
Herpes
Genital warts (HPV)
VIA:
Direct contact with infected parts of
body during periods of contagion
THESE INCLUDE TOUCHING OF:
Prodomal or active herpes lesions (visible or not)
Primary syphilis lesions
HPV infected site (visible or not)
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:
Avoiding activities that involve skin
to skin contact
Latex barriers
4. NEONATAL TRANSMISSION
HIV
Hepatitis B/C
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HPV
Herpes
VIA:
Infection in utero (HIV, syphilis, HPV, herpes)
During birth process (all listed)
Through breastfeeding (HIV)
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:
Screening and treatment of STDs
Risk reduction during pregnancy
C-Section?
Not breastfeeding?
STD WARNING SIGNS
Excess discharge or unusual smell from the
vagina
Irritation, discomfort, itching, swelling,
soreness,or pain in or around the vagina or
rectum
Genital sores, blisters, rashes, bumps, or
growths (even if they don’t hurt)
WARNING SIGNS, contd.
Painful urination
Swollen glands in the groin
Abdominal pain
Bleeding
INFECTION FROM ORAL SEX:
Swelling, soreness, redness in throat
Fevers, chills, aches
Sores, white patches in mouth
REMEMBER!
It is possible to have an STD
and have no signs at all –
ESPECIALLY FOR WOMEN
Q: Which of these people has an STD?
A:
Who knows!
THE THREE R’S OF STD
RISK
STDs can cause serious risks – even
death
There is more chance of getting herpes,
chlamydia, etc., than HIV
STDs increase the risk for HIV
RECOGNITION
Symptoms can appear 3 days to 3 weeks
after sex
Sore(s) around the genital area
Rash
Discharge
RESPONSE
See a health care provider
No sex until adequately treated
Talk to partners(s) and treat also
Take medication as directed
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
Millions of men, women and children
affected by long term complications
Various cancers
Ectopic pregnancy
Spontaneous abortion
Other chronic diseases
INFERTILITY
At least 15% of all infertile
American women are infertile
because of damage resulting
from an STD
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
If not adequately treated:
20-40% of women infected with chlamydia
10-40% infected with gonorrhea
Will develop PID
CHLAMYDIA
Treatment of the consequences of chlamydia
is estimated to be 12 times greater than the
cost of screening and treatment
EACH YEAR IN THE U.S.
More than 1 million women with acute PID
Highest rate among teenagers
More than 100,000 women become infertile
In 1997 estimated $7 billion spent on PID and its
complications
NIAID/ NIH
DISEASE PREVENTION
& REDUCTION
RISKIEST BEHAVIORS
Unprotected
anal sex (not just MSM)
Unprotected vaginal sex
Injection drug use
Multiple partners
TESTING
DOES NOT
EQUAL PREVENTION
IT’S NOT WHO
YOU ARE….
IT’S WHAT YOU
DO!
POINTS TO CONSIDER:
The U.S has high rates of STD
Bacterial STDs can be cured – but symptoms?
STDs are transmitted through four routes
Importance of prevention/risk reduction/early
detection
It’s not who you are…….