Transcript Infection control Unit 13

Infection Control Unit 13
Adonis K. Lomibao R.N.
12/14/11
Objectives
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Spell and define terms
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Explain principles of medical asepsis
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Explain components of standard precautions
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Types of PPE
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Describe nursing assistant actions related to
standard precautions
Describe airborne, droplet, & contact
precautions
Medical Asepsis
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Asepsis-the absence of disease-producing
microorganisms.
-medical asepsis
-surgical asepsis
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Medical asepsis-practices reduce the numbers
of microorganisms or interrupt transmission.
-aka-”clean”
-Dirty or contaminated-have been exposed to
known or potential pathogens.
Handwashing
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Single most important procedure performed to
prevent the spread of microbes.
-Vigorous, short rubbing together of all surfaces
of soap-lathered hands.
-Followed by rinsing under a stream of running
warm water.
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Nosocomial infection- infection acquired by a
patient while being cared for in a health care
facility.
Wash your hands when..?
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Before handling food
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After touching any soiled item or surface
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Before touching mucous membranes or nonintact skin
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Before and after every patient contact
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Before applying and after removing gloves
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Before any contact with your mucous
membranes
p.182-183
Hand Lotion & Waterless Hand
Cleaners
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Select a light, non-oily product.
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Use a personal-sized bottle & do not share.
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When using waterless, alcohol-based
cleaners:
-Handwash when visibly soiled
-Rub product into hand until dry
-Do not use for pt. With C-Diff
Protecting Yourself
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Occupational Exposure- contacting potentially
infectious material as you perform your duties
Prevent by using proper medical asepsis &
standard precautions
Exposure Incident- your eyes, nose, mouth,
mucous membranes, or nonintact skin had
contact with blood or potentially infectious
material.
Standard Precautions
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The infection control actions used for all people
receiving care, regardless of their condition or
diagnosis.
Apply when you may contact:
-Blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
-Mucous membranes
-Non-intact skin
-p.185
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Work practice control-procedures to prevent spread
of infections.
Personal Protective Equipment
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Gloves (p. 196 When to use)
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Gown
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Mask
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Goggles
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Face Shield
Transmission-Based Precautions
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Precautions used with highly transmittable
diseases.
Communicable or contagious disease-may be
transferred from one person to another directly
or indirectly.
Three kinds of precautions:
-Airborne
-Droplet
-Contact
Airborne Precautions
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Transmitted by air currents
Pathogens small & light, suspended in air, can
travel through air currents.
Examples:
-Tuberculosis
- Measles
Precautions
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Private room with negative air pressure
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N95 Respirator,HEPA filter mask, PFR95 (p.190)
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Limit pt. Transport to essential purposes only. Use
mask on patient during transport.
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lights.
Ultraviolet-C light kills or inactivates pathogens.
Anteroom-small room just inside entrance to pt.
Room. Reduces escape of infectious organisms.
Buffer between changes in air pressures
Masks
Droplet Precautions
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Can be spread by large droplets in the air.
Spread by sneezing, coughing, talking,
singing, & laughing.
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Generally don't travel past 3 feet of the patient
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Examples:
-German measles
-Mumps
-Influenza
Precautions
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Private room if possible
Wear mask when working within 3 feet of
patient
Limit transport to essential purposes. Use
surgical mask on patient.
Contact Precautions
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Infectious pathogens spread by direct or
indirect contact.
Examples:
-Head or body lice
-Scabies
-MRSA
-C-Diff.
Precautions
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Private room if possible
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Gloves
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Hand Hygiene with antimicrobial agent
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Gown
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Patient transport-Limit to essential purposes.
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Dedicated patient-care equipment
Isolation Technique
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The method of caring for patients with easily
transmitted disease
Standard precautions in addition to
transmission-based precautions
Isolation unit- may be an area or private room.
Disinfection & Sterilization
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Disinfection- the process of eliminating
harmful pathogens from equipment and
instruments
Sterilization- removes all microorganisms from
an item.
Autoclave- uses steam and pressure to kill
organisms & sterilize
Sterile Procedures
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Surgical asepsis-the environment is kept free of all
microbes, both pathogens and non-pathogens.
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Equipment & supplies must be sterile.
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Sterile field- area of sterile equipment and materials.
-One inch around not sterile-keep equipment within 2
inches
-Never reach over field
-Moisture=contamination
-Discard if suspicion of contamination