Transcript Universal Precautions And OSHA PowerPoint

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… is to prevent the spread
of infectious diseases.
An infectious disease is any
disease caused by the
growth of pathogens.
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• Pathogens are disease causing microorganisms (germs) in the body
• It is essential that health care workers maintain a safe environment
by following specific policies and procedures designed to reduce the
risk of transferring infectious diseases.
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• Pathogens can be transferred from patient to patient, patient
to staff, staff to patient, or staff to staff.
• An infection can be generalized or systemic (affects the whole
body) or localized (affecting one area of the body)
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• …are very small, usually one-celled, living
plants or animals (bacteria, protozoa) They
exist every where in the environment but can
only be see with the aid of a microscope.
• The study of microorganisms is called
microbiology.
• The microscope invented in 1600 by
Leeuwenhoek, it was not until Louis Pasteur’s
work in the 1800’s that the germ theory was
developed.
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Bacterium (example: bacterial meningitis or strep throat)
Virus (example: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C)
Fungus (example: athlete’s foot)
Parasites and Prions (transmissible pertinacious infectious agent
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1843 Wendell Oliver – a contagious disease or
communicable disease ( a disease that can be transmitted
from one individual to another) might be spread by the
contaminated (presence of infectious material) hands of
doctors and nurses.
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• Ignaz Phillipp Semmelweis observed that mortality
rates were higher when patients attended by
physicians or medical students who came directly from
the morgue or autopsy room without first washing their
hands.
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• Lord Joseph Lister –
1864 developed the surgical aseptic technique to
prevent contamination of the wound and operative
sight
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Fun Fact
It is estimated that each of us carries 1014
Bacteria (100,000,000,000,000, or 100 trillion) in and on our
bodies and that the total population on our planet excretes
1022 bacteria in feces every day
(Thomas, 1989)
Centers for Disease Control
• US Department of Health and Human Services
• studies causes and distribution (epidemiology) of
disease to formulate safety guidelines to help
prevent and control the spread of infectious
diseases.
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OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) a federal agency that
establishes minimum health and safety
standards for the work place and to enforce
those standards.
OSHA is the “watchdog” of employee safety
and conducts on site inspections to verify
compliance with its standards
An extension of OSHA for hospital staff and deals with
compliance of safety regulations, inspection procedures,
and penalties for non-compliance.
• CLSI is an international institute that develops and publishes
standards and guidelines for regulatory agencies and
accrediting bodies for healthcare (and other) laboratories.
• These guidelines and standards must be adhered to in order for
the lab to continue testing specimens and operating.
• Representatives from government, industry and patient-testing
profession compose the members of CLSI.
• Include the following:
• A formal safety program
• Orientation of staff and periodic
updating of safety training
• Specifically mandated Plans
• CHEMICAL HYGEINE PLAN
• BLOOD –BOURNE PATHOGEN (exposure
control plan)
• Identification of physical, chemical and
biological hazards
• Where are they found?
• What are some of the main
routes of exposure to BBP?
• What are blood Bourne
pathogens?
• Which Healthcare workers
are at greatest exposure
risk?
• What are some
recommendations that
reduce the risk of BBP
exposure?
http://www.schooltube.com/vi
deo/6f3f7609c9a947f0ac46
/Blood-Borne-Pathogen-Video
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Chemical inventory
MSDS
Labeling
Documentation
Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP)
Safety equipment controls
PPE
Waste removal and disposal
Precautions for hazardous
materials
• Maybe the simplest and most effective way to manage and
handle hazardous substances
Contains information about a specific
chemical to include chemical and
trade name, chemical formula,
chemical family, manufacturer,
hazardous ingredients, physical
properties, health and protection
information, PPD and equipment
requirements for use, first aid, spill
and disposal information.
Example of MSDS:
http://msdsauthoring.com/images/sulfuric_a
cid_nugentec_ghs_msds.pdf
BBP (Bloodbourne Pathogen) –
Any infectious microorganism present in the blood and
other body fluids and tissues that can cause disease.
The two most prevalent BBP are Hepatitis B and HIV.
Plan
1. List of jobs tasks with potential BBP exposure
2. Universal Precautions
3. Engineering Precautions –
• ex. Sharps, disposal containers, needle sheaths
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Work Habits –hand washing
PPE(Personal Protective Equipment)
Disinfection
Hepatitis B Vaccine for employees
Labeling
Training for Employees
Documentation
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Medical record of patient
Training records
Sharps injury log
Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if
they are contaminated/infectious
• Standard precautions
• Used for all patients
• #1 strategy for control of nosocomial infection
• Covers blood, all body fluids, skin breaks, mucous
membranes
- Standard Precautions synthesize Universal
Precautions
Nosocomial infection: an infection acquired in the
healthcare setting (hospital)
• Standard precautions are applied to every patient in the
healthcare environment to prevent contact with potentially
infectious body fluids.
• Blood
• All body fluids. Secretions and excretions except sweat, regardless
of whether or not they contain visible blood
• No intact skin
• Mucous membranes
• Any unidentified body fluids (blood, mucus, sputum, saliva,
cerebrospinal fluid, urine, feces, vomitus, amniotic fluid, synovial
fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, semen,
vaginal secretions
• Precautions used as part of Infection Control regarding the
prevention of the transmission of Blood Bourne diseases
when first aid or healthcare is provided.
• Blood and certain body fluids are to be treated as if
potentially infectious. Precautions include specific
recommendations and the use of gloves, mask, gown
and/or protective eyewear when contact with blood or
body fluids is anticipated.