Transcript Immune System

Immunity & Disease
Ch 38
Immunity = protection
against an invading
foreign substance
Disease/ Health
Disease:=“dis-ease”
Imbalance
Chronic = long term
Acute = short term
Caused by
pathogens
environment,
genetics,
poor nutrition
Health:
Homeostasis
Proper exercise
Nutrition
Stress relief
Strong Immune
System =
Natural Defense
Pathogen/ Host
Pathogen:
“pathos”=suffering
Disease causing
agent
Bacteria
Virus
Protist parasite
Fungus, Mold
Host =
“hostess”
of the
Pathogen
party!
Innate versus Acquired Immunity
Innate=Early
defenses:
WBC=
Phagocytes &
Macrophages
Skin,Tears,
Saliva,Mucus,
Sweat
Histamines=
swelling
Acquired=Build up
Resistance:
Immune response
Lymph system
Antibody /Cellular
immunity= type of
cells involved
Passive/Active=
type of exposure
The Skin:Innate Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Immune System
Specific
Active=Natural
exposure elicits
immune response
or vaccination
Passive= from
mother or injection
of antibodies
Cells of the Immune Response
Type of cell
Innate/Acquired
Function
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Innate=early
defenses
WBC in the blood
Attack antigens
As phagocytes=
(surround & destroy)
Macrophage
Innate
WBC in tissues
Attack antigens
As phagocytes
T-cells Helper Acquired
Killer
Cellular immunity
Memory
Antibody immunity
Communicate
Destroy
Remember
B-Memory
Plasma
Acquired
Antibody immunity
Remember
Make antibodies
Antibodies
Antibody immunity
Bind to antigens
Macrophage (WBC) engulfs a
bacterium in the immune system:
Lymph system: fluids & Macrophage
WBC with lymph nodes
Antibody/Antigen
Antigen:
Invading foreign
substance
Pathogen or
Toxic chemical
Elicits the
immune
response
Antibody:
“anti”=against
Body’s reaction to
an antigen
invasion
Blood protein
Made in the
immune response
by plasma B cells
Green antibody battles a red antigen!
Antigen-antibody
complex:
Unique chemical
fit
Once infected
the anti body
“memory” is
stored=
Immunity or
protection when
invaded again
Hybrid cell producing
antibodies:
Virulence/ Toxin
Virulence:
“strength” of a
pathogen to over
come the immune
defenses
Amount & entry
Length of
exposure
Individual’s health
Toxin:
“toxic”
Harmful
substance
Living or
dead
Cause
disease
STD
Eubacterium
Virus
Syphilis
X
X
Chlamydeous
X
X
Gonorrhea
X
x
Herpes
X
X
HIV
X
x
Aids (death)
no
By common diseases
When the immune system
fails
Cold
x
Flu
x
Strep throat
x
AIDS = break down of the immune
system & death due to common
diseases versus death by AIDS virus
Strep bacteria of Rheumatic
Fever
Germ Theory
Microorganisms
can cause
disease
Microorganism
= tiny unseen
organism
Louis Pasteur in
mid 1800’s
Infection:A growth of a
disease causing
organism:
In the host
Depends upon the :
Person’s health
Amount of
infection
Environmental
conditions
Disinfectant:
Chemicals that
kill disease
causing
microorganisms
Use to sterilize
wounds & tools
Discovered by
Lister
“Listerine”
mouthwash
Medicinal Leeches & Blood
letting:
Skull boring to drive out evil
spirits of an ill person!
Penicillin mold anti-bactericide:
Koch’s Postulates:
Rules demonstrating
microorganisms
cause disease:
Isolate germ
Grow it in culture
Inject it
Look for the
disease
Infectious disease:
Tuberculosis Lung
Disease
Disease
transmitted from
one individual to
another
Spread by
Water
Air
Direct contact
Carrier:
Carry the
disease
But show NO
symptoms
Infectious &
spread the
disease
Staphylococcus Bacteria
Causes sore
throat
Spread by
carriers
Also pimples
Cleanliness is
important
Coccus = Round shaped bacteria
Toxin:
Poisons
produced by an
organism
Causes harm to
other
organisms
Example:
Tetanus
bacteria
Poison Brazilian
darts
Other microorganisms & disease:
Viruses
HIV virus
Flu virus
Polio virus
Protozoans
Amebic dysentery
Malaria
Fungi
Athlete’s foot
Ringworm
Yeast infections
Yeast Infections:
Cynobacteria & Heterotroph
Makes its own food!
Salmonella
Eats others