Transcript Education in Europe - e-Bug

e-Bug
Research Period
Findings
Research Report
a)
The science school curriculum content associate
partner countries
b)
Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and
existing websites
c)
Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and
countries customs and cultures
d)
Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the
use and dissemination of the packs
e)
Details of other pan-European campaigns
Methods
• A questionnaire was devised for distribution to
each Associated partner
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Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Great Britain
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Greece
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Spain
• Teacher focus groups were carried out in the UK
a)
The science school curriculum content associate
partner countries
b)
Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and
existing websites
c)
Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and
countries customs and cultures
d)
Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the
use and dissemination of the packs
e)
Details of other pan-European campaigns
Objectives
• Examine the educational structure across each
associate partner country
• Assess what children are being taught in school
with regards to
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good and bad microbes
hand hygiene
respiratory hygiene
antibiotic use
vaccines
• Decide where and how e-Bug will fit into the
curriculum
Education Structure across Europe
Student Age (years)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Belgium FR
Belgium FL
Belgium GR
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Great Britain ENG
Great Britain WAL
Great Britain NIR
Great Britain SCO
Greece
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Pre school
Lower Secondary
Primary
Upper Secondary
Compulsory Full Time Education
Junior
packs
Senior
packs
15
16 17 18 19
Associate and Collaborating Countries
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 17 18
19
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 17 18
19
Belgium FR
Belgium FL
Belgium GR
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Great Britain ENG
Great Britain WAL
Great Britain NIR
Great Britain SCO
Greece
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Croatia
Finland
Hungary
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Junior
packs
Senior
packs
Curriculum content
Microbes
About micro organisms?
The difference between bacteria,
virus and fungi?
About good and bad microbes?
That microbes are found
everywhere
There are different species of
bacteria
CZ FR GB EL IT
Primary
Lower Secondary
Included
Not Included
PL
Curriculum content
Microbes
• Children are taught about microbes at both
Junior and Senior schools
• With the exception of France and Great Britain,
children are taught about the different types of
microbes in both Junior and Senior Schools
Curriculum content
Hand Hygiene
The importance of hand hygiene?
How to wash their hands properly?
That microbes can spread via
unclean hands?
The difference between clean and
sterile ?
When to wash their hands, before
eating, etc?
CZ FR GB EL IT PL
Primary
Lower Secondary
Included
Not Included
Curriculum content
Hand Hygiene
• All countries include structured hand hygiene in
the curriculum of both Junior and Senior schools
• All countries teach that disease can spread via
unclean hands
• None of the countries teach the recommended 8
steps of hand washing at Junior school level
Curriculum Content
respiratory hygiene
The difference between a cold/flu?
That a virus causes the flu?
That sneezing can spread germs?
To cover their mouth when they
sneeze?
Why they should do this?
CZ FR GB
Primary
Lower Secondary
Included
Not Included
EL
IT PL
Curriculum content
respiratory hygiene
• All countries teach the importance of covering
the mouth and nose when sneezing
• All countries teach that disease can spread via
sneezing
• The difference between the cold/flu is only
taught in senior schools with the exception of
Greece and Poland
Curriculum content
Antibiotic use
Antibiotics kill bacteria
Antibiotics do not kill viruses
Antibiotics also kill the good bacteria
Antibiotics do not cure the cough/flu
The importance of finishing a course of
antibiotics
Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics
How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a
problem in hospitals
CZ FR GB EL IT PL
Primary
Lower Secondary
Included
Not Included
Curriculum content
Antibiotic use
• All countries teach that antibiotics are used to
treat infection
• Detail of education on antibiotics varies across
Europe
• Education on antibiotic resistance is limited
across Europe
• Only 2 out of 6 countries teach that antibiotic
resistance is a serious problem
Where e-Bug fits into the Curriculum
Primary
Secondary
Belgium
Science
Science
Czech Republic
Science*
Science
Biology
Chemistry
Homeland study
Denmark
Science
Science
France
Science
Science
Great Britain
Science
Science
Biology
PSHE
Greece
Science
Science
Italy
Science
Science
Poland
Science
Science
Perio
Religion
Portugal
Science
Science
Spain
Science
Science
* And in Slovenia, Slovakia and Latvia science (natural and social) account for the
largest portion of time in the curriculum.
IT Information
Availability of computer access in schools
100
80
60
40
(:)
20
(:)
*
*
0
Belgium
Czech
Rep
France
GB
Greece
Italy
Junior schools Computer access
Junior schools Broadband
Senior schools Computer access
Senior schools Broadband
* Mostly dial up connection
(:) Information unknown
Poland
a)
The science school curriculum content associate
partner countries
b)
Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and
existing websites
c)
Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and
countries customs and cultures
d)
Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the
use and dissemination of the packs
e)
Details of other pan-European campaigns
1(b) Public Campaigns
• We asked AP’s to provide details of national public
campaigns in:
• Hand Washing
• Antibiotics
• Respiratory Hygiene
• Campaigns categorised into target audience:
• Health Service
• General Public
• School aged children
Overall Summary
• Details of 58 Campaigns
– Deep information websites
• Focusing on detailed information
– Message based campaigns
• Focusing on a small number of key points
Examples
• What types of media are being used for
campaigns?
• For each topic
• Who are campaigns aimed at?
• What are common messages?
Media
Poster
Folder / Pack
CD
Website
TV
Novelties
Leaflets
Radio
Newspaper
Event
Book
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Used in campaigns
Not used in campaigns
Hand Washing Visuals
Hand Washing Visuals
Hand Washing – Who
Health Service
General Public (adult)
School Aged
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Targets this audience
Does not target this audience
Hand Washing
Messages
Wash to avoid infection spread
Wash your hands (without reason)
Hand Washing Technique
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Used in campaigns
Not used in campaigns
Hand Washing
Slogans
• The Infections Stop Here (FR)
• Hands Carry the Infections (FR)
• Progress Passes Through You (FR)
• Wash Your Hands
• Wash hands / avoid infection (BELG)
• Summer in good hands (BELG)
• Together we can fight infection (UK)
• Hands up for hygiene (UK)
• Don’t cross them, wash them (UK)
Hand Washing
Slogans
“a simple gesture can limit the risk of infection” (FR)
Hand Washing - Slogans
“Hands up for hygiene” (UK)
Antibiotics Visuals
Antibiotics Visuals
Antibiotics
Who
Health Service
General Public (adult)
School Aged
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Used in campaigns
Not used in campaigns
Antibiotics
Messages
Use antibiotics for right things
Always finish your course
Preserve effective antibiotics
Don’t overuse antibiotics
Antimicrobial resistance
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Used in campaigns
Not used in campaigns
Antibiotics Slogans
• Use antibiotics less, and in the right way (BELG)
• Use them for the right reason (BELG)
• Antibiotics aren’t automatic (FR)
• Don’t Wear Me Out (UK)
• Ask about your antibiotics (UK)
• Antibiotics Don’t Work on Colds
• “Safe Drugs” (POL)
Respiratory Hygiene - Visuals
Respiratory Hygiene - Visuals
Respiratory Hygiene - Who
Health Service
General Public (adult)
School Aged
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Targets this audience
Doesn’t Target this audience
Respiratory Hygiene
Messages
Get your vaccination
Cold / flu information
Sinus infection information
BG FR GB EL IT PL
Used in campaigns
Not used in campaigns
Respiratory Hygiene
Slogans
• Adopt these gestures to protect us (FR)
• Coughs and sneezes spread diseases (UK)
• Sneeze in your sleeve (Sweden, Canada, USA)
Often, no repeated or iconic ‘slogans’
Mainly information focused
Section 1(b) - Summary
• No overall ‘European’ look of campaigns
• No single defining characters or slogans
• Lack of existing campaigns aimed at school pupils
in antibiotics usage
• Lack of respiratory hygiene campaigns that focus
on spread of infection
a)
The science school curriculum content associate
partner countries
b)
Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and
existing websites
c)
Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and
countries customs and cultures
d)
Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the
use and dissemination of the packs
e)
Details of other pan-European campaigns
1(c) Patterns of…
• We asked AP’s to give us details of
patterns of:
• Antibiotic Usage
• Population Dynamics
• Infection
• Focus on important results for e-Bug
• Differences between countries
• Important messages
• Interesting results
Antibiotic Availability
• In all countries, antibiotics only available
with prescription
Exception: Greece allows prescription and
over counter
UK and Poland allow very
limited topical antibiotic OTC
Antibiotics - Advertising
• Across all countries, no advertising to
public
Exception: Czech Republic, where advertising
allowed in all media
Antibiotics - Usage
• Reasons for over-prescribing
– Patient pressure
– Caution
• Including the inability to properly diagnose.
– Socio-cultural factors
Population Dynamics
• Across Europe there is a significant mix of race
• In e-Bug we will ensure that there is a mix of race in human
characters
• The national language is taught to all citizens
• No need for multiple language versions of e-Bug for any
country
Exception: Belgium
Patterns of Infection
• No strong themes relevant for e-Bug as a whole
• Individual countries may have pack tailored to
their country’s recent outbreaks.
a)
The science school curriculum content associate
partner countries
b)
Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and
existing websites
c)
Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and
countries customs and cultures
d)
Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in
the use and dissemination of the packs
e)
Details of other pan-European school education
campaigns
Stakeholders
• During pack development
• Ministries of Health
• Ministries of Education
• Schools / Teachers
• For Pack Implementation
•
•
•
•
Schools / teachers
Education Shows
Outreach Programmes
Microbiological Societies
a)
The science school curriculum content associate
partner countries
b)
Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and
existing websites
c)
Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and
countries customs and cultures
d)
Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the
use and dissemination of the packs
e)
Details of other pan-European campaigns
Pan European Campaigns
• Healthy Cities
• www.healthycities.org
• Help For a life without tobacco
• www.en.help-eu.com
• European Sexual Awareness events
• www.essm.org
• Red Cross European Road Safety Campaign
• www.1-life.info/2003/info/
Pan European Education
Campaigns
• CALIBRATE
• supporting the collaborative use and exchange of
learning resources in schools
• Eurydice
• Information network on education in Europe
• Europa
• Higher education in Europe
• Insight
• Examining e-learning across Europe
• My Europe
• Community of over 6000 schools learning about what it
means to be European
Thank you
Any comments?