Transcript Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Before giving Care
How infections occur?
Pathogen – germ gets into the body
Pathogens enter the body, over power the
body’s natural defense systems and cause an
illness called an infection.
Most infectious diseases are caused by bacteria
and viruses. (Tetanus)
Bacteria are everywhere; most do not infect
humans but those that do cause serious illness.
How infections occur?
Diseases caused by bacteria – tetanus and
meningitis
Body’s ability to fight infection depends on its
immune system
Antibiotics are prescribed that kill the bacteria or
weaken them so the body can get rid of it.
Viruses can cause many diseases; may be
difficult to eliminate because very few
medications are effective against viral infections
Bloodborne Pathogens are spread
For any disease to be spread;
1.
2.
3.
4.
4 conditions must be met:
A pathogen is present.
There is enough of the pathogen present to
cause disease.
Pathogen passes through the correct entry
site.
A person is susceptible to the pathogen.
Bloodborne Pathogens are spread
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C virus, and HIV can be
spread from person to person by
contact transmission – infected blood or body
fluids from one person enter another’s body at a
correct entry site (eyes, directly touching infected
blood)
Indirect contact transmission- touch an object that
contains blood or another body fluid of an infected
person, and it enters the body through a correct entry
site (soiled dressings, work or equipment surfaces)
Direct
Standard Precautions
Personal Hygiene – wash hands
Personal Protective equipment –
disposable gloves, breathing barriers
Clean up blood/fluids & dispose in
biohazard waste container
Obtaining Consent
Before giving first aid to a conscious adult victim,
must get their permission to give care
This is called consent
Victim has right to accept or refuse help
Get consent by telling victim
Who
you are.
Your level of training.
Ask to Help
Care you would like to give.
Explain What You Observe and Your Plan.
Consent
Do not give care if victim refuses help
Call 9-1-1
If victim is a child or infant, get permission from
parent or guardian
If victim is unconscious or unable to respond,
consent is implied
Implied consent – assume victim would agree to
your help
Good Samaritan Law
All states have this law
Protects people who willingly provide
emergency care without accepting
anything in return.
As long as responder acts as a reasonable
and prudent person, they can not be sued
for victim’s injuries
Good Samaritan Law
Appropriate Behavior
Move
victim only if his/her life is endangered
Check victim for life threatening emergencies before
giving further care
Call 9-1-1 or local emergency #
Ask conscious victim for permission before giving
care
Give care only to the level of his/her training
Continue to give care until more highly trained
personnel arrive
Reaching and Moving Victim
Usually you will not have to move a victim
Moving a victim needlessly can lead to further
injury
Move a victim only when you can do so safely
and when there is immediate danger
Fire
Toxic gas
Risk of drowning
A collapsing structure
Uncontrollable
traffic hazards
Reaching and Moving Victim
Before you act, consider these limitations
to moving one or more victims quickly and
safely
Dangerous
conditions at the scene
Size of the victim(s)
Your physical ability
Whether others can help you
Victim’s condition
Distance you need to travel
Reaching and Moving Victim
Follow these guidelines when moving a victim
Only
attempt to move a person you are sure you can
comfortably handle
Bend your body at the knees and hips
Lift w/your legs, not your back
Walk forward, using short steps
Watch where you are going
Support victim’s head, neck, and back
Avoid bending or twisting a victim w/possible head,
neck, and back injury
6 Rescue Moves
Walking Assist – (conscious victim) 1 or 2 responders;
place victim’s arm across your shoulders and hold it;
support victim w/other hand around waist. Do Not Use if
Suspect Head, Back or Neck Injury
Pack Strap Carry – (conscious or unconscious victim)
victim standing, position yourself w/back to the victim,
back straight, knees bent, shoulders should fit into
victim’s armpits. Cross victim’s arms in front of you and
grasp wrists, lean forward slightly and pull victim up and
onto back, stand up and walk safely. Do Not Use if
Suspect Head, Neck, Back Injury.
6 Rescue Moves
Two Person Seat Carry – (conscious victim, not seriously injured) 2
people, one arm behind victim’s thighs and the other across victim’s
back, interlock arms w/second rescuer, lift victim in the “seat” formed
b rescuers’ arms.
Clothes Drag – (conscious/unconscious victim suspected of head,
neck, back injury) Stabilizes head and neck. Grasp victim’s clothing
behind the neck, gathering enough to secure a firm grip. Pull victim
to safety. Head is cradled by clothing and rescuer’s arms.
No One Way is Best for Every Situation- Objective is to Move
Victim w/out Injury to You or Them.
6 Rescue Moves
Blanket Drag- Equipment is limited – can
be used for Conscious or Unconscious
and suspect has a Head, Neck or Back
Injury
Ankle Drag- Victim is to large to carry.
Don’t use if you suspect Head, Neck or
Back Injury.