Transcript Chapter 3

Chapter 3
Before giving Care
How infections occur?
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Pathogen – germ gets into the body
Pathogens enter the body, over power the
body’s natural defense systems and cause an
illness called an infection.
Most infectious diseases are caused by bacteria
and viruses. (Tetanus)
Bacteria are everywhere; most do not infect
humans but those that do cause serious illness.
How infections occur?
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Diseases caused by bacteria – tetanus and
meningitis
Body’s ability to fight infection depends on its
immune system
Antibiotics are prescribed that kill the bacteria or
weaken them so the body can get rid of it.
Viruses can cause many diseases; may be
difficult to eliminate because very few
medications are effective against viral infections
Bloodborne Pathogens are spread
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For any disease to be spread;
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3.
4.
4 conditions must be met:
A pathogen is present.
There is enough of the pathogen present to
cause disease.
Pathogen passes through the correct entry
site.
A person is susceptible to the pathogen.
Bloodborne Pathogens are spread
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Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C virus, and HIV can be
spread from person to person by
contact transmission – infected blood or body
fluids from one person enter another’s body at a
correct entry site (eyes, directly touching infected
blood)
 Indirect contact transmission- touch an object that
contains blood or another body fluid of an infected
person, and it enters the body through a correct entry
site (soiled dressings, work or equipment surfaces)
 Direct
Standard Precautions
Personal Hygiene – wash hands
 Personal Protective equipment –
disposable gloves, breathing barriers
 Clean up blood/fluids & dispose in
biohazard waste container
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Obtaining Consent
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Before giving first aid to a conscious adult victim,
must get their permission to give care
This is called consent
Victim has right to accept or refuse help
Get consent by telling victim
 Who
you are.
 Your level of training.
 Ask to Help
 Care you would like to give.
 Explain What You Observe and Your Plan.
Consent
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Do not give care if victim refuses help
Call 9-1-1
If victim is a child or infant, get permission from
parent or guardian
If victim is unconscious or unable to respond,
consent is implied
Implied consent – assume victim would agree to
your help
Good Samaritan Law
All states have this law
 Protects people who willingly provide
emergency care without accepting
anything in return.
 As long as responder acts as a reasonable
and prudent person, they can not be sued
for victim’s injuries
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Good Samaritan Law
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Appropriate Behavior
 Move
victim only if his/her life is endangered
 Check victim for life threatening emergencies before
giving further care
 Call 9-1-1 or local emergency #
 Ask conscious victim for permission before giving
care
 Give care only to the level of his/her training
 Continue to give care until more highly trained
personnel arrive
Reaching and Moving Victim
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Usually you will not have to move a victim
Moving a victim needlessly can lead to further
injury
Move a victim only when you can do so safely
and when there is immediate danger
 Fire
 Toxic gas
 Risk of drowning
 A collapsing structure
 Uncontrollable
traffic hazards
Reaching and Moving Victim
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Before you act, consider these limitations
to moving one or more victims quickly and
safely
 Dangerous
conditions at the scene
 Size of the victim(s)
 Your physical ability
 Whether others can help you
 Victim’s condition
 Distance you need to travel
Reaching and Moving Victim
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Follow these guidelines when moving a victim
 Only
attempt to move a person you are sure you can
comfortably handle
 Bend your body at the knees and hips
 Lift w/your legs, not your back
 Walk forward, using short steps
 Watch where you are going
 Support victim’s head, neck, and back
 Avoid bending or twisting a victim w/possible head,
neck, and back injury
6 Rescue Moves
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Walking Assist – (conscious victim) 1 or 2 responders;
place victim’s arm across your shoulders and hold it;
support victim w/other hand around waist. Do Not Use if
Suspect Head, Back or Neck Injury
Pack Strap Carry – (conscious or unconscious victim)
victim standing, position yourself w/back to the victim,
back straight, knees bent, shoulders should fit into
victim’s armpits. Cross victim’s arms in front of you and
grasp wrists, lean forward slightly and pull victim up and
onto back, stand up and walk safely. Do Not Use if
Suspect Head, Neck, Back Injury.
6 Rescue Moves
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Two Person Seat Carry – (conscious victim, not seriously injured) 2
people, one arm behind victim’s thighs and the other across victim’s
back, interlock arms w/second rescuer, lift victim in the “seat” formed
b rescuers’ arms.
Clothes Drag – (conscious/unconscious victim suspected of head,
neck, back injury) Stabilizes head and neck. Grasp victim’s clothing
behind the neck, gathering enough to secure a firm grip. Pull victim
to safety. Head is cradled by clothing and rescuer’s arms.
No One Way is Best for Every Situation- Objective is to Move
Victim w/out Injury to You or Them.
6 Rescue Moves
Blanket Drag- Equipment is limited – can
be used for Conscious or Unconscious
and suspect has a Head, Neck or Back
Injury
 Ankle Drag- Victim is to large to carry.
Don’t use if you suspect Head, Neck or
Back Injury.
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