Transcript What could have caused this?

Aim: How does your body become
immune (resistant) to disease?
Bioterrorism
Today there is mounting concern
about the threat of a bioterrorist
Fatal hemorrhagic
attack using smallpox
-- sosmallpox
muchin
a twelve-year-old girl, 1970s,
concern that in
October
2001 theBangladesh.
A genetically
engineered strain
of smallpox
American government
decided
to
might produce unusual
order enoughsymptoms
vaccines
to
protect
such as these. Here,
every U.S. citizen.
the eyes are filled with blood,
and blood reputation,
blisters form in the
Smallpox has a fearsome
mouth
and in
inside
the body.
having killed more
people
history
than
How disease.
can we protect ourselves?
any other infectious
What is a vaccine?
Antigen
Weakened
Pathogen
Antibody
A vaccine is a dose of a pathogen or part of a pathogen
that has been disabled or destroyed so it is no longer
harmful, but it still has the antigens present.
These antigens trigger an immune response.
How was the first Vaccine
developed?
English physician Edward Jenner
developed an inoculation against
smallpox in 1796.
Armed with the knowledge that
milkmaids who had been exposed to
cowpox, a relatively mild affliction,
didn't come down with smallpox,
Jenner intentionally infected an eightyear-old boy with cowpox. Two months
later he infected the boy again, this time
with smallpox. As Jenner expected, the
child didn't come down with the disease
-- he was immune.
What happens when you get
invaded by the real pathogen?
Memory
Cells
Memory
cells
recognize the real
pathogen quickly
and immediately
produce the
antibodies to fight it;
and you won’t
experience the
sickness
What is immunity?
• The ability of a person who once had a
disease to be protected from getting the
same disease again.
She was very ugly!
The ugliest one in our
community.
She went to the beauty
parlor so often
She built up an immunity.
Immune response
Antibody Concentration
Real Pathogen
Interval
between
exposures
Vaccine
First
exposure
Second
exposure
Time
Vaccines
How are these two types of
immunity different?
Active vs. Passive immunity
• Active Immunity
• You make your own
antibodies to fight the
pathogen
• Long lasting
• Passive Immunity
• You get antibodies
from a different
organism, you don’t
make your own
antibodies
• Short lasting