Transcript RMAA Convention Powerpoint TEMPLATE

What does safety mean?
Safety is an
extension of a
persons basic
instinct for survival
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Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid
Major Injury
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300
Minor Injury
No Injury Accidents
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Bird’s update of Heinrichs Pyramid
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10
30
600
Serious/Fatal Injury
Other Injuries
Property Damage
600 No Apparent Injury or
Damage
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How accidents happen
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Lack of care
Did not use common sense/stupidity
Unsafe acts
Unsafe conditions
Acts of God
Lack of supervision/ poor training
Faulty equipment
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Safety in the workplace is everyone’s
responsibility
No one persons obligations in the workplace outweigh,
or supersede another person’s obligations.
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•Australian
A frameworkhealth
of Acts and safety law is governed
•byRegulations
• Supporting Codes of Practice &
• Standards
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Monitoring safety and maintaining a safe
environment requires
The correct Implementation of
• Risk Identification
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Control
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Risk and hazards
• Hazards can cause injury, disease, economic loss
or environmental damage
• Risk - possibility that something will occur;
expressed in terms of probability
• Risk assessment uses data, hypothesis and
models to estimate probability of harm due to
exposure to hazards
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Major types of hazards
Major workplace hazards may include:
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Manual handling
Chemical or hazardous substances
Occupational Overuse Syndrome
Noise
Physical worksite or environmental problems
Equipment and machinery
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Hazard Identification Steps
• Job Safety Checks
• Employee Consultation
• Safety Audits
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Manual handling hazards
Annual handling hazards may be caused by actions
related to:
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Push
Pull
Lowering
Lifting
Carrying
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Chemical and hazardous substances
• Toxic chemicals - each has specific median lethal
dose
• Chemicals, radiation or viruses
• Hazardous chemical harm by:
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Flammable or explosive
Irritation of damaging tissue
Interfering with respiration
Causing allergic reactions
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Chemical and hazardous substances
Impact cause by
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Skin or eye contact
Harm can be on:
• Person (Tumors, burns, etc.)
• Future generations (genes & embryos)
• Environmental and lifestyle factors
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Physical hazards
Commonly involves worksite layout, structure and
equipment
Can extend beyond worksite to
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Earthquakes - fracture or shift in earth’s crust deformation
Volcanoes
Floods
Storms
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S.A.F.E. process to remove workplace
hazards
Spot the hazard.
Assess the risk.
Fix the problem.
Evaluate results.
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Addressing external physical hazards
Reducing external physical hazards requires
engineering and planning:
• Examine historical records and make geological
measurements and weather forecasts
• Map high-risk areas
• Building codes regulate design and placement of
buildings
• Predict possible earthquakes and natural events
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Non-transmissible diseases are not caused by
living organisms; cannot spread
Biological hazards
Transmissible diseases are caused by
infectious agents (pathogens) and spread by
vectors; agents include:
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bacteria
virus
protozoa
parasites
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Biological hazards
Seven deadliest infectious diseases
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Acute respiratory infections
HIV/AIDS
Diarrheal diseases
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Measles
Hepatitis B
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Assessing the risk
Assessing risk involves considering these factors …
• How likely it is that an accident will occur
• If an accident occurs, how severe would the
consequences be
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Risk analysis
• Identify hazards and evaluate associated risks
• Rank risks
• Determine options and make decisions about
reducing or eliminating risks
• Inform decision makers and public about risks
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Risk assessment
• Determine types of hazards involved
• Estimate probability that each hazard will occur
• Estimate how many people are likely to be
exposed to and suffer serious harm from each
hazard
• Statistical probabilities and forecasts
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• Staff and management perceptions of
greatest risks may differ
Comparative risk analysis
• Communication needs to be clear and use
common language
• Risk-benefit analysis – estimates must cover
both risks and benefits
• Immediate needs should not outweigh longterm planning
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Risk control involves
Modifying the design of the workplace by
• Design or Substitution
• Engineering Controls
• Administration
• Training Personnel
• Personal Protective Equipment
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Hierarchy of risk control
Eliminate
(Remove, phase out, redesign))
Substitute/ Change
(Change and replace)
Engineer Controls
(Renew workplace/ context)
Administrative Controls
(Change work, set maintenance
new schedule, new procedures,
signage, etc.)
Protective Controls
(Protective
equipment,
clothes)
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Workplace safety inspections
• Continuous - Ongoing inspection conducted by employees as
part of their job.
• Periodic - Inspections scheduled to be made a regular intervals
• Intermittent - Inspections made at irregular intervals.
• General – inspection of places which do not receive periodic
inspections
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Points to consider when conducting
inspections
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Planning and preparation is critical
Who will carryout the inspection
What needs to be inspected
How often must items be inspected
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Non-conformance investigation and reporting
Identified hazards &
Incidents
Responsibilities &
Actions
Consultative mechanisms
(OH&S Committee)
Health & Safety Assessment
Non-conformance
New hazard
Risk re-evaluated
Problem not resolved
Control Measures
Investigation & report
Record & Report s
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Writing safety reports
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Possible recommendations
Correct the cause – options
Report hazardous conditions
Take intermediate actions
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