Transcript Causes of Mortality and Morbidity in LDC and MDC

Causes of Mortality and
Morbidity in LDC and MDC
Communicable Diseases
Communicable diseases, also known
as infectious diseases, are illnesses which
can be spread from one person to
another or from an animal to a person.
The spread often happens via airborne
viruses or bacteria, but also through
blood or other bodily fluid.
 Eg. Hepatitis, HIV, Influenza, Malaria,
Tuberculosis, Polio
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Non-communicable Diseases
A non-communicable disease is a medical
condition or disease which is non-infectious and
non-transmissible among people. NCDs may be
chronic diseases of long duration and slow
progression, or they may result in more rapid
death such as some types of sudden stroke.
 The four main types of non-communicable
diseases are cardiovascular diseases (like heart
attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory
diseases (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary
disease and asthma) and diabetes.
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Trends in communicable and noncommunicable diseases
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Mortality rates due to communicable diseases are much higher in
LDC – poor sanitation, low rates of immunisation, poor access to
safe drinking water, low nutrition and lack of access to health care
are significant contributing factors
Perinatal conditions (a condition in a baby shortly before or after
birth), diarrhoeal disease and infectious and parasitic diseases are
common causes of death and the leading causes of death in LDC
are often associated with undernutrition
Due to a number of factors including globalisation and changes to
lifestyle, many LDC are experiencing an increase in the number of
deaths and burden of disease from non-communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of deaths in all
regions except Africa
Most deaths from non-communicable diseases occur in low and
middle income countries and tend to occur at early ages compared
to high income countries
LDC in Summary
 Higher U5MR
 Lower life expectancy
 Large proportion of deaths occur before 60
 Higher rates of communicable diseases –
malaria, HIV, tuberculosis
 Increasingly affected by non-communicable
diseases, especially cardiovascular disease
and cancer
 Poorly equipped to deal with the double
burden of disease (communicable and noncommunicable)
Activity
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In pairs, analyse the pie charts on page 287 of your textbook
to answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between causes of death due
to communicable and non-communicable diseases in
Australia compared to the 4 other LDC? Use data in
your response.
2. Of the non-communicable diseases listed, which two
are the highest causes of death in both MDC and LDC?
3. In Australia what percentage of all deaths do noncommunicable diseases account for?
Activity – Impact of poverty on
non-communicable diseases
Look at figure 8.21on Page 293 of your
textbook
 Try to explain this cycle in a one
paragraph summary in your book
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Activity
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Read the information and graph on pages
296-297 of your textbook ‘The future in
global health’
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There are many changes occurring in the
causes of mortality and burden of disease
worldwide. Use the information to write 6
dot points on what changes have occurred,
what changes are predicted to occur, and the
reasons for these changes.