Transcript Chapter 13 Preventing Infectious Diseases

Lifestyle Diseases are diseases that
potentially can be prevented by changes
in diet, environment and lifestyle.
WHO highlights need for countries to scale up action
on non-communicable diseases: 2:15 min
What is the difference
between
and
Factors you
cannot
change.
There are 4.
Do you know
what they
are?
Habits, practices or
behaviors
you can change.
You have control of them.
ex: smoking, drinking, eating
habits, exercise, amount of
sleep you get..
Modifiable behavioral risk factors
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the
harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of NCDs.
•Tobacco accounts for around 6 million deaths every year
(including from the effects of exposure to second-hand
smoke), and is projected to increase to 8 million by 2030.
•About 3.2 million deaths annually can be attributed to
insufficient physical activity.
•More than half of the 3.3 million annual deaths from
harmful drinking are from NCDs.
•In 2010, 1.7 million annual deaths from cardiovascular
causes have been attributed to excess salt/sodium intake.
Non-communicable diseases - why should we be worried?
3:45 min
Non-communicable diseases, or NCDs, are by
far the leading cause of death in the world,
representing 63% of all annual deaths.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill more
than 36 million people each year.
Some 80% of all NCD deaths occur in low- and
middle-income countries
If the major risk factors for non-communicable
diseases were eliminated:
• around three-quarters of heart disease,
stroke and type 2 diabetes would be
prevented
• 40% of cancer would be prevented
Cardiovascular
diseases (CVD)
are diseases or
disorders that
result from
damage to the
heart and
blood vessels.
Cardiovascular disease is the
leading cause of death for both
men and women in the U.S.
About 610,000 people die of heart
disease in the United States every
year–that’s 1 in every 4 deaths
A stroke occurs if the
flow of oxygen-rich
blood
to a portion of the
brain is blocked.
Without oxygen, brain
cells start to die
after a few minutes.
When the
force of blood
exerts against
walls of blood
vessels faster
then normal.
A heart attack occurs when the flow of blood to the
heart is blocked, most often by a build-up of fat,
cholesterol and other substances, which form a plaque
in the arteries that feed the heart (coronary
arteries).
the build up of fatty materials
in the blood vessels
WHAT ARE
SOME THINGS
YOU CAN DO TO
PREVENT
 trim your fat intake
 cut down on salt
 watch your weight
 don’t smoke
 exercise
 watch your blood pressure
and cholesterol
 relax & cut down on stress
Can you treat
Cardiovascular
Yes, you can treat
Diseases?
them through diet
and exercise,
medicines,
surgery,
angioplasty,
pacemakers and
transplants.
Cancer is the
uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells in the
body. It develops when
the body's normal
control mechanism
stops working.
What is the difference between
and
Benign tumors
are not cancerous
and usually
do not spread
Malignant
tumors are
cancerous and
do spread.
COMMON CANCERS
• Skin Cancer: most common type. Accounts for nearly
50% of all cancers.
•Breast Cancer: occurs most often in women over the
age of 50. 1 in 8 women in the U.S. develop breast cancer.
•Lung Cancer: leading cancer deaths. Smoking is by far
the biggest risk factor.
•Lymphoma: starts in the lymphatic system. Weakens the
immune system; body is more susceptible to infection.
•Leukemia: a cancer of the white blood cells. Starts in
the bone marrow.
CAUSES OF
CANCER
Don’t Smoke
Wear Sunscreen
Eat more veggies and less fat
Exercise and watch
your weight
Get regular check ups
It is a disorder in
which the body can’t
produce any or enough
insulin, which causes
elevated levels of
glucose (sugar) in the
blood.
and
You are usually
born with it.
You do not
produce insulin!
The body does not
produce enough
insulin.
It’s the most
commonly diagnosed
later in life.
What type of treatment is there for
someone with Type 1 Diabetes?
Can
be
prevented?
Type 2 Diabetes can be
prevented through
maintaining a healthy weight,
avoiding smoking,
and the reduction of stress.
WHAT IS FASD?
o FASD (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum
Disorders) is an umbrella term
used to describe the combination
of birth defects and behavioral
challenges in children whose
mothers drank alcohol during
pregnancy.
o FASD is a brain-based physical
disability, as such it is permanent,
life-long, and cannot be cured.
.
FASD IS 100%
PREVENTABLE!
The CDC, the U.S. Surgeon General, the
American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, and the American Academy of
Pediatrics advise pregnant women not to
drink alcohol at all.
NO amount of alcohol is completely safe
during pregnancy!!!!!
WHAT ARE POSSIBLE
PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF
FASD
Brain Damage
Dental
Abnormalities
Facial Anomalies
Defects of the
heart, kidneys,
and liver
Growth
Deficiencies
Vision and hearing
problems
Skeletal Defects
What changes can
you make in your
everyday choices
that could effect
your chances of
getting a lifestyle
disease?
Not all
non-communicable
diseases are
caused by
lifestyle choices!!!!