Transcript Chapter 9 Key Issue #1 Essential Question?

Chapter 9 Key Issue #1
Essential Question? Why Does
Development Vary Among
Countries?
Development:
Process of improving
the material conditions
of people through
diffusion of knowledge
and technology.
Two groups
1. More developed (MDC) - AKA
Relatively Developed or Developed
Country
2. Less Developed (LDC) - AKA
Developing Country
These are usually
clustered in different
spaces.
Questions to ask-???
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Why are some regions
more developed than
others?
What are LDC’s doing
to become MDC’s?
HDI
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UN selects factors that best reveal the
country’s level of development
• one economic factor (GDP per capita)
• two social factors literacy rate & amount of
education
• one demographic factor (Life Expectancy)
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Since 1990, these 4 factors are combined
to produce a country’s HDI
Highest possible HDI is 1.0 or 100
percent
Gross Domestic Product per Capita
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MDC’s make around $10-$15 per hour
LDC’s make usually less than $1 per hour
GDP is the value of the total output of
goods and services produced in a country
throughout a year
GDP obviously not a perfect
measurement of a country’s level of
development
Types of Jobs
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Primary
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Agriculture
Mining
Fishing
forestry
Secondary
• Manufacturing
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Processing, transforming and assembling raw materials into
useful products
Tertiary
• Services
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Retailing
Banking
Law
Education
Government
What Do We Mean By
Development?
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The three objectives of
development
• increases in availability and
improvements in the distribution of
food, shelter, health, protection, etc.
• improvements in ‘levels of living,’
including higher incomes, more jobs,
better education, etc.
• expansions in the range of economic
and social choices available to
individuals and nations
Measuring Development
United Nations Development Program Overview
2005
Click for Animated Graphs
 Economic Indicators
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Types of Work (Economic Sectors)
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Social Indicators
• Education and Literacy
• Health and Welfare
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Demographic Indicators
• Life Expectancy (37 - 80 years)
• Infant Mortality (<10 - >100 per thousand)
• Natural Increase (0 - 4.7 %)
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% of people working in agriculture
exceeds 75% in most LDC’s of Africa &
Asia
Anglo-America and most of Western
Europe is less than 5% of people working
in Agriculture
MDC usually has limited farmers
producing enough food for the society so
others can be free to contribute in the
national wealth by working in the
secondary and tertiary sectors
Productivity
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The value of a
particular product
compared to the
amount of labor
need to make it
Workers in MDC’s
are more
productive and
produce more with
less effort
WHY??????
Raw Materials
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Such as minerals,
trees, oil
Must have energy
to operate the
factories
• Hydroelectricity,
coal, oil, natural gas,
uranium
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Europe had an
abundant amount of
coal and iron ore
but ran short of raw
materials
What did they
do???
Consumer Goods
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Consumer goods and services are
luxuries such as car, telephones,
computers, entertainment.
A good indicator of a society's
development is
• motor vehicles (access to jobs and services
and permit business to distribute their
products)
• Telephones (enhance communications with
suppliers and customers of goods and
services)
• Televisions (provide exposure to activities in
different locations)