Transcript Biosecurity & Disaster Preparedness

Biosecurity for Dairy Producers
Angie Dement
Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension Service
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M System
College Station, TX 77843
http://aevm.tamu.edu
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What is biosecurity?
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Best management practices that prevent
infectious diseases from being introduced
into a herd or flock.
Epidemiology of Disease
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Epidemiology
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Study of the way disease is distributed in
populations and factors that influence or
determine the distribution
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Exposure
Immunity
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Means of Transmission
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Direct
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Susceptible animals come into direct or close
contact with an infected, contagious animal
Indirect
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Animals come into contact with infected or
contaminated animate vectors, inanimate
vehicles and environmental fomites
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Routes of Transmission
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Aerosol inhalation
Oral
Reproductive
Skin contact
Blood
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Sources
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Carrier/Reservoir Animals
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Aerosol Droplets
Nasal Fluid
Ocular Fluid
Saliva
Manure
Urine
Milk
Fetal Fluid
In-Utero
Genital Fluid
Blood
Carcass
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Vectors
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Ticks
Flies
Mosquitoes
Scavengers
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Vehicles
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Instruments
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Needle
Ear tagger
Tattooer
Dehorner
Nose tong
Knife
Utensils
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Bucket
Trough
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Environment
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Soil
Water
Food
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Exposures
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Susceptible animals
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Mouth
Nose
Eyes
Skin
Teats
Vagina
Prepuce
Transplacental
Venereal
Blood
Immunity
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Definition
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Animal’s ability to resist a disease
Types
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Natural
Active
Passive
Vaccinations
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Prevent disease
Provide antibodies
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Work with veterinarian
Follow label
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Dosage
Storage
Needle usage
Disease
Route of
Transmission
Common Symptoms
Vaccine
Treatment
Anthrax
Oral, aerosol, blood
Staggering, trembling, collapse,
terminal convulsions, bloody
discharge
Yes
Yes
Bovine Brucellosis
Oral, reproductive
Abortions, stillbirths, weak calves
Yes
Yes
Bovine leukosis
Blood, reproductive
Enlarged lymph nodes
No
No
Johne's Disease
Oral, reproductive
Diarrhea, weight loss, bottle jaw
No
No
Bovine Tuberculosis
Aerosol
Lesions in organs and body
cavity, weight loss
No
No
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
Oral, reproductive
Severe diarrhea, fever, abortions
Yes
Yes
Coronavirus enteritis
Oral
Dark green to black diarrhea
No
Yes
Cryptosporidiosis
Oral
Diarrhea
No
Yes
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Aerosol, reproductive
Abortions, cough, eye infections,
genital infections
Yes
Yes
Leptosporosis
Direct, oral, aerosol,
reproductive
Abortions, stillbirths, weak
calves, fevere, decrease in
performance
Yes
Yes
Neosporosis
Oral, reproductive
Abortions
Yes
No
Parainfluenza-3 virus
Aerosol
Cough, nasal discharge,
increased respiratory rate
Yes
Yes
Rabies
Direct
Anorexia, hyperexcitability,
altered temperment, death
Yes
No
Salmonellosis
Oral
Diarrhea
Yes
Yes
FEAD Quick Facts
http://aevm.tamu.edu
Biosecurity Practices
for
Dairy Producers
Disease Risk Assessment
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Identify diseases and transmission
Determine cost benefits
General Practices
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Identify all animals
Keep records
Provide balanced ration
Prevent manure contamination
Prevent transmission
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Bunks
Milking
Reservoir animals
Necropsy dead animals
Carcass disposal plans
— Allen Roussel
Pre-weaned calves
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Vaccination programs
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Clean maternal lot
Newborn calves
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Removal
10% body weight
Navel health
Separate calves
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Dam
Calves
Older animals
Surface run-off
Milk
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Colostrum
Waste-milk
— Derry Magee
Purchased Animals
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Quarantine new animals
Vaccination program
Collect herd history
Replacement Heifers
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Isolate
Vaccination program
Manure contamination
Quarantine returning animals
Lactating Cows
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Equipment
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Sick animals
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Established herd vs quarantined/sick
Isolate
Separate fresh cows
Dry Cows
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Dry cow treatments
Teat sealants
Vaccinate
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Not within 2 weeks of calving
Separate dry and sick cows
Balanced ration
Bulls
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Test bulls
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Before purchasing
Routinely for venereal diseases
Vaccination program
Semen Importation
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Purchase from known sources
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Infectious disease programs
Know health history
Monitor tanks
Product Safety
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Culture
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New cow’s
Bulk tanks
Limited access to storage facilities
Alarm systems
Sanitize tank
Premise Protection
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Visitors
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Designated meeting area
Limit number of visitors
Disinfect
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Visitors
Trailers
Vehicles
Tires
Disposable clothing and shoes
Keep identification
No physical contact with animals
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Owners
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Clothing
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Disposable shoes
Clothes
Footbaths
Equipment disinfectants
Mycotoxin testing
Law enforcement
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Security
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Lock gates
Post signs
Random security checks
Good perimeter fences
Secure facilities
Clean storage facilities before restocking
Reduce wildlife contact
Inventory materials
Secure water sources
Monitoring system
Stranger alert
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Transportation
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Disinfectants
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Wash/disinfect
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1 part bleach to 1 part water
Trailers
Tires
Mats
Trucks
Cleaning crews
Clean everything
Remove debris
Leave disinfectant for 20-30 minutes
Dry completely
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Employees
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Wash hands
Report sick animals
Check out keys
Safety and security meetings
Guidelines for home animals
Travel from other countries
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Foreign Travelers
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48 hours
Disinfect clothing
No contact with cattle
If disease is suspected
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Routine observation
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Contact veterinarian
Report to TAHC
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Early detection
Rapid reporting
1-800-550-8242
Prompt quarantine
Rapid response
Quick diagnosis
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Be prepared
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Emergency contact list
Critical premises information
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Lots
Fences
Storage facilities
Site map
Disaster Preparedness
Possible natural disasters:
 Disease outbreaks
 Floods
 Fires
 Hurricanes
 Tornadoes
 Winter storms
 Droughts
Possible Human Caused Disasters:
 Traffic
 Terrorism & Bioterrorism
 Power outages
 Explosions
 Hazardous material spills
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AIC Plan
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Appendix off of local EM plan
Determines what should be done before,
during and after disaster
Works with both livestock and pets/companion
animals
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List everything that must be done, and every
person involved.
Use the AIC plan only as a guide.
Don’t leave out details.
Hold regular exercises.
Communicate.
Keep situation reports and activity logs of past
scenarios.
What are Foreign Animal
Diseases?
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Disease that is not currently present in
the United States
Can be zoonotic
How can a FAD come into U.S.?
 Natural
 Accidental
 Intentional
(bioterrorist act)
Foot and Mouth Disease
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Highly contagious
Potential to spread
rapidly
People not affected
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Devastating
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Emotionally
Economically
Sociologically
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Susceptible domestic and wild clovenhoofed livestock
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Cattle
Sheep
Goats
Domestic and feral swine
Deer
Llamas
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Transmission
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Aerosol
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Mechanical
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wind
people, vehicles, animals
Biological
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movement of infected animals
uncooked or undercooked meat products
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If an outbreak occurs
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Restrictions
Quarantines
Eradication
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Slaughter of animals
Proper disposal
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FMD Outbreak in 2001 in Great Britian
Delayed response
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10,472 farms depopulated
4 million destroyed to stop disease
2.5 million “humanely” slaughtered
Over $13 billion
National Center for Foreign Animal and
Zoonotic Disease Defense
Extension Train-the-Trainers Curriculum
National Center for Foreign Animal and
Zoonotic Disease Defense
Extension Train-the-Trainers Curriculum
Chapter 1...............................................................Potential Occurrences
Chapter 2 ............................................................................Epidemiology
Chapter 3 .........................................................Foreign Animal Diseases
Chapter 4 ................................Emerging and Endemic Animal Diseases
Chapter 5 ................................Biosecurity Best Management Practices
Chapter 6 ....................................State Animal Diseases Response Plan
Chapter 7 ...................................................................Extension EM Plan
Chapter 8 ..............................................................County/Local EM Plan
Chapter 9 .....................................Media Relations and Communications
Chapter 10 ..........................................................Teaching Effectiveness
Chapter 11 ............................................................Curriculum Evaluation
Questions?