Transcript Slide 1
Midwest Professional Nutrient Applicators Association Annual Meeting June 23rd, 2009. Lima, Ohio Biosecurity: Your Role in the Prevention of Disease Spread Bill Minton DVM. Chickasaw, Oh. Why? • Protect your Customer – Reduce disease risk – New vs. re-infection • Protect you Business – Risk of outbreak / disease – Professional – “Word of Mouth” advertising Pathogens: • Disease causing organisms • Viruses – PRRS, SIV, BVD, TGE, PCV2 • Bacteria – Salmonella, E.Coli, APP, Erysipelas, M. Paratuberculosis • Species – Porcine, Bovine, Avian Virus: • • • • • Infectious agents Obligate intracellular Smaller than bacteria DNA or RNA classification View with electron microscope Bacteria: • Ubiquitous – inhabit every environment capable of supporting life • Classify: – organic, inorganic, & photosensitive • Replicate with an energy source • Resistance: – cell wall, spore forming • Not susceptible to all chemicals PRRSv: • Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRSv.) • Host specific to pigs • Benchmark pathogen of swine industry – Cost to industry > $550 million annually • Most important swine disease today – Difficult to control PRRSv. Survivability: • • • • • • As temperatures ; survivability Months to years when frozen (-4F) 6 days @ 70F 24 hrs. @ 98.6F 20 mins. @ 133F 11 days when kept moist PRRSv. Survivability: • Susceptible to: – High temperatures – Changes in pH <6 & >7.8 – Exposure to UV light – Chemical inactivation Swine Influenza Virus: • Influenza type A virus (SIV or Flu) • Contains two distinct surface proteins for identifying strains – H (hemmaglutin) & N (nueroaminidase) • Interspecies (zoonotic) spread between pigs, birds, & humans • Generally inactivated by soap, heat, bleach, & other disinfectants Direct Spread: • Animal – Animal • Known Health Status Indirect Spread: • • • • Feces, bedding, feed, other bodily fluids People Equipment Aerosol Indirect cont.: • People & equipment are mechanical vectors • Contaminated with infectious agents • Proper sanitation and disinfection reduces spread • Aerosol > 2 miles Prevention: • Minimize contact with livestock • Do Not cross traffic patterns – People – Equipment – Trucks • Cold weather – highest risk • Farm owned equipment • “High health vs. commercial” equipment Prevention - Livestock: • Operate away from entrances & chutes of facilities • Avoid contamination of immediate area around facilities – Spills, overfills, pipe fittings, etc. • Aerosolizing can cause area spread Prevention – Traffic Patterns: • Use other (less traveled) entrances if possible to site • Avoid walk areas of facility employees • Stay out of barn offices, shops, etc. • Avoid vehicle traffic contact – Loading / unloading – Feed bins – Office / entrance – Compost areas Prevention - Weather: • • • • Cold, damp weather poses greatest risk Wind speed & direction Incorporate vs. surface application Precipitation Protocols for Clean-Up: • Spray and wash all equipment with detergents • Remove all organic material • Disinfect • Drying time before next use Equipment Clean-Up: • Includes pumps, pipes, hose, tanks, tines, & tractors • Clean at site or designated wash area • Detergents aid in cleaning bio-film - cleaning time • Hot water cuts wash time in half • Thorough cleaning!!! – Especially equipment used near facilities / structures – Wash cab of tractors Disinfectants: • Synergize 0.8% – Quarterly ammonium and gluteraldehyde mixture – Liquid • Virkon 1.0% – Potassium monopersulfate – Powder • Minimum 2 hours contact time Disinfectant cont.: • Application with foamer – Better visualization – Prolongs contact time of chemicals & surfaces – Enhanced effectiveness • Attention to “hard-to-reach” areas Drying: • Drying Time – At least 2 hours with disinfectant remaining on the surfaces – Most important component of the clean-up process!!! • Downtime – Overnight • If disinfected & all equipment is dried – Unknown • When equipment is not disinfected • Drying is not complete Cleanup misc.: • Vehicles – Tractors – Trucks – ATV’s • Potential source of contamination – Sanitize with disinfectant sprays • Tek-Trol • Lysol • Personnel – One night downtime – Clean boots and outer work clothing Recommended Protocols Before Nutrient Handling Takes Place: 1. Contact site owner 2. Health Status – be informed – PRRS +/– SIV +/– BVD +/- 3. Farm specific biosecurity requirements? – Contact vet on record if necessary 4. Discuss handling methods & plan 5. Scheduling – Avoid same species prior – Proper downtimes/clean-up Continued: 6. Log-in prior farm visited & nights downtime since visited 7. High health or farm designated equipment in use 8. Possible animal movement during application period 9. If PRRSv. +, consider impending weather 10.Consider risks for area spread of disease from resident farm 11.Emergency Action Plan contacts Common Pitfalls: • Unaware of health status at site(s) • Cross contamination risk with people and vehicle patterns • Dirty equipment • Spills • Unhappy neighbors Questions???