Transcript Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies – Why and when we do what

Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies –
Why and when we do what we do
Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS
Pipestone Veterinary Clinic
Vaccines - Basics
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1. Stimulate immunity to protect sows
2. Stimulate immunity to protect
piglets via colostrum
Vaccines to protect sows
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Parvo
Lepto
Erysipelas
Salmonella
Ileitis
Mycoplasma
SIV
PRRSV
Parvo
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Virus
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Causes abortions and high levels of
mummies
Immunity to wild virus is life long
Most gilts exposed during development
Lepto
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Bacteria
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Immunity is short
Rarely seen in indoor animals
Transmitted via water and poor sanitation
Inexpensive antigen
Erysipelas
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Bacteria
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Can cause high mortality
Acute septic condition
Classic skin lesions, joint swelling, fever
Killed vaccine (injectible) provides 6
months of protection
Live vaccine (water) provides less
measurable protection and is questioned
Salmonella
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Bacteria
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2 types – cholerasuis (septic), typhimurium
(enteric)
Seen in stressful conditions
Live (water) vaccine
DOI is debated
Given as gilts and when piglets show signs
Ileitis
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Bacteria – Intracellular
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Severe enteric condition
Hemorrhagic form mostly seen in sows
Vaccine (water) very effective if given at
appropriate time
Immunity appears to be of long duration
Mycoplasma
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Bacteria/pseudobacteria
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Lives on ciliated cells of the respiratory
tract
Causes chronic pneumonia
Vaccine – injectible
DOI is at least 25 weeks
Used to help gilts grow to potential
Debated use in breeding herds
SIV - Flu
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Virus
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Fast moving typically
If uncomplicated, short episode
Causes cough and shedding to piglets
If getting control at sow unit – whole herd
blanket, if controlling nursery problems,
pre-farrow
PRRSV
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Virus
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Not enough known
Killed and Live vaccines available
Live – whole herd approach
Killed – pre-farrow approach
Variable use – discuss with your
veterinarian
Vaccines to protect Piglets
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SIV
E. coli
Clostridium perfringens types A+C
PRRSV?
Rotavirus
Mycoplasma?
Bordetella, Pasteurella
SIV - Flu
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Virus
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Vaccine produces high levels of antibodies
in colostrum
Piglets seropositive until end of nursery
typically
Gives protection during the first several
weeks in nursery
E. coli
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Bacteria
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Many types (strains)
Causes diarrhea in farrowing typically in 1st
5 days of life
Given pre-farrow to booster colostral
antibody for protection during lactation
Clostridium perfringens types A+C
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Bacteria
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Causes diarrhea in farrowing typically in 1st
5 days of life
Given pre-farrow to booster colostral
antibody for protection during lactation
PRRSV
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Virus
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Killed vaccine boosters high levels of
colostral antibody – potentially giving
protection – debated
Rotavirus
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Virus
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Many strains
Diarrhea in piglets from 2-25 days of age
Vaccine (killed) boosts colostral antibody –
debatable efficacy
Feedback – Delivers herd strains prefarrow to booster colostral immunity and
decrease virus shedding by sow
Mycoplasma
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Bacteria/pseudobacteria
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Causes cough/chronic pneumonia in
growing pigs
Potentiates PRRSV
Shedding at sow unit is variable
Some data supports using this pre-farrow
to reduce shedding
Trial underway
Bordetella/Pasteurella
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Bacteria
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Cause of Atrophic Rhinitis
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Rarely seen anymore as toxigenic P. mult
prevalence low
Cough at wean often attributed to bacterial
pneumonia
Vaccine has limited efficacy
Vaccination Timing
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PLE – Called pre-breed
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Due to high throughput, vaccinating prebreed means in farrowing
Throws sows off feed
We typically don’t use in farrowing
Given 3-7 weeks pre-farrow typically
Vaccination Timing
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Salmonella
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Ileitis
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Given in gilt development
Given in gilt development
Mycoplasma
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Given in gilt development
Vaccination Timing
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SIV
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E. coli
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Given in gilt development and pre-farrow
Given in gilt development and pre-farrow
Clostridium perfringens types A+C
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Given in gilt development and pre-farrow
Typical Vaccination Timeline
Backfeeding
Breed
1
Farrow
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Items in blue represent gilt vaccines
14
15
16
17
Wean
1
2
3
1
Discussion items
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PRRSV
SIV
PCV2
Others?