Transcript UNIS Template - University of Sydney

Sydney Institute for Emerging
Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity
SEIB
Tania Sorrell
What is an Emerging Infectious Disease?
Why establish an Institute of EID and Biosecurity?
Why at the University of Sydney?
What are our goals?
What is our structure?
What have we achieved since February 2010?
What do we aspire to now?
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Epidemic and emerging infectious diseases
Outbreaks
and
Antimicrobial
resistance
High
Morbidity
Mortality
Major
Social
Disruption
Major
Economic
Hardship
~60%
Animal
Human
~70% of these wildlife
“One health”
Avian flu
>US30 billion
Asia-Pacific
Incubator and
Bellweather
AntibioticResistant
Infections (US)
~$60 billion pa
Newly-recognised human infectious agents in the
current era
After Brown et al, Yung Text ID, 2010
HIV
2 years
Hepatitis C
17 years
~2 months
Multi drug R
TB
Origin of HIV
V. cholerae 0139
Bartonella
Chikungunya
Hantavirus
T. whippelii
XDR-TB
Artemisinin R
P. falciparum
Hendra
Bat lyssa
H5N1 SARS
H1N1 09
Nipah
1980
1990
2000
2010
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Distribution of EID events (1940-2004)
K. Jones, Nature 2008
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Why Sydney?
Expertise in SEIB
Outbreaks, animals and severe consequences
Influenza, arboviruses, HIV
Avian flu
H1N1 09
Vaccines, drugs and
diagnostics
(development and
evaluation)
Modelling and
Bioinformatics
Encephalitis
Viruses
Dengue
Salmonella, foodborne disease
Antimicrobial resistance
GPC (Staph) & GNR
TB
Fungi
Malaria
(Viruses)
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Sydney Institute for EID and Biosecurity
A multidisciplinary institute devoted to
reducing risks from,
and global impacts of,
emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
Especially in the Asia-Pacific Region
through
Partnering in
research, education and capacity building
communication and advocacy
[email protected]
International
alliances
WHO, CDC
Asia-Pacific
partners
Swiss Tropical Inst
Other
Management Board
Chair Bruce Robinson
SEPIAC
(Advisory)
Westmead
External alliances
(Australia)
Government
agencies
NGOs
Collaborating
institutions
SEIB
Camperdown
Medicine
&
affiliated institutions
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Emerging infectious Diseases in our time –
Research and translation in SEIB
Influenza
(HIV)
(Malaria)
Tuberculosis
Cerebral infections
Hepatitis C
Transmissible antibiotic resistance in bacteria
(Resistant infections in closed environments)
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Multidisciplinary research: Influenza
Livestock, poultry
movement,
Spatial characterisation, Avian flu
Response capacity
Building, Vietnam
Proteome analysis
Modelling
Basic
Science
Legal, ethical preparedness (region)
Law
Qualitative research
Perception of risk,
Responses to
media, political
& ethical challenges
Vet
Science
SEIB
ID I
Clinical
networks
Infection
control,
Vaccination
CVELIM
Public
Health
CIDM
PH
ID/ICU
Resistance
NCIRS
CHW
CIDMLS
Diagnosis
Surveillance,
Data transfer, Policy advice
Vaccines
Serosurveillance
Vaccine uptake
Paed surveillance
Epidemiology
AHS
New
Diagnostics
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Tuberculosis, 2008
9.4 million cases world-wide (54% SE Asia/W Pacific); 1.8 million deaths (19%)
1.4 million associated with HIV infection; 0.52 million deaths (37%)
0.5 million cases MDR-TB (INH & RIF); ≥0.15 million deaths (30%)
50,000 cases XDR-TB (R to 1st & 2nd line drugs); ≥30,000 deaths (60%)
Mortality
All
HIV
MDR
XDR
WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record 19/3/2010
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Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity
Group - Tuberculosis
Group Leader: Dr Jamie Triccas
Areas of Research
 Development and testing of novel anti-tuberculosis vaccines
Elucidating strategies employed by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis to survive within the host and promote virulence

Defining in detail the host immune response to chronic
bacterial infection

Discovery of new agents to treat infections with M.
tuberculosis

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M tuberculosis : Molecular epidemiology
Beijing family (24%)
East African/Indian (12%)
Low level transmission; temporo-spatial distribution => migration/residence
Machine learning algorithms (spoligo and MIRU typing):
no association genotype/R/clinical phenotypes
Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in GNR:
The shared transmissible gene pool
Iredell Lab, Westmead
R plasmids with
variable host
range
GPC
aggressive
individual
pathogens
eg S. aureus
Rapid diagnostics applications through
understanding genetics of resistance (high
throughput “hyper”multiplex systems)
GNR
co-operative pathogens
eg E. coli, P. aeruginosa
Metabolic Complications of HCV
180 million cases; 3-4 million new pa
Steatosis (fatty liver) –
HCV Genotype 3
Insulin resistance (diabetes) –
HCV Genotype 1
- Faster progression to liver fibrosis,
cirrhosis and liver cancer
- Predicts non-response to antiviral treatment (interferon, ribavirin)
Mechanisms are poorly understood – investigating
- Pathways involved
- New drug development
Pathogenesis of CNS infections
Malaria - cellular & molecular mechanisms
•Immunopathology, cytokine networks
•endothelial biology, blood-brain barrier,
•microvascular pathology, microparticles
Grau, Hunt
King, Kesson
Sorrell, Djordjevic
Flaviviruses (encephalitis, retinal infection)
•In vivo models of immunopathology (WNV)
•Transcriptional regulation and role of Toll receptors
in immune recognition molecules by WNV
•Mathematical modelling of survival parameters
Cryptococcosis
•Determinants of invasion of the CNS
•Mechanism of crossing the blood brain barrier
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Vector Control: Dengue and filariasis
Professor Richard Russell laboratory
Aim: to reduce use of insecticides
Dengue in Australia
Aedes aegypti
Lethal ovitraps
Sticky plastic strips trap adult mosquitoes to lay eggs
Toxic cloth strip for killing adults
Biodegradable: do not need retrieval and do not become habitats
Existing & potential external networks and
collaborations
Swiss TPH Institute
SEIB – 5 year plan
Research
Planning day
SEIB launch May 19-20
Education &
Capacity building
Ed. Initiatives progressing
Lab twinning in Maldives &
Indonesia
Advocacy &
Communication
Pandemic flu workshop
20 May
Outcomes H1N1 09
Stage 1
Stage 2
Ensure growth
Build profile sustainability
Secure
future
Build
collaborations
Stage 3
Integrate
with
major
University
Infrastructure
developments
Meetings
STPH Institute
with key
Indonesia
constituencies ABIN, WHO
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Support
Current objectives
Sydney Medical School Foundation
(to Dec 2010)
•Continuation of funds for
Director & Program Mgr
Sydney West Area Heath Service
•Secretarial support (P/T)
(office)
•Academic support (Lecturer)
Sydney Medical School
(office)
Deliotte (pro bono: Business Plan)
•Scientific exchange support
•Student exchange support
•PhD student stipends
•Conference support
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SEIB 2010
SMH Magazine,
15/16 May 2010