Transcript the terror of the unknownx

Professor Fahad Abdullah Al Zamil
Professor and Consultant, Pediatric infectious Diseases
Head of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit
November 20,2012
•Q:What are coronaviruses?
•Q: How common are human coronavirus infections?
•Q: Who can get infected?
•Q:How do I get infected?
•Q:When can I get infected?
•Q:What are the symptoms?
•Q:How can I protect myself?
•Q:What should I do if I get sick?
•Q:How do I get diagnosed?
•Q:Are there treatments?
•Coronaviruses are species in the genera of virus belonging to the
subfamily Coronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae.
•Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA
genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
•The genomic size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to
32 kilobases, extraordinarily large for an RNA virus.
•The name "coronavirus" is derived from the Latin corona, meaning
crown or halo, and refers to the characteristic appearance of virions
under electron microscopy (E.M.) with a fringe of large, bulbous
surface projections creating an image reminiscent of the solar corona.
•Coronaviruses
primarily infect the upper respiratory and
gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Four to five different
currently known strains of coronaviruses infect humans.
•The most publicized human coronavirus, SARS-CoV which causes
SARS, has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and
lower respiratory tract infections and can also cause gastroenteritis.
•Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant percentage of all
common colds in human adults.
•Coronaviruses cause colds in humans primarily in the winter and early
spring seasons. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses
as causative agents of the common cold are hard to assess because,
unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human
coronaviruses are difficult to grow in the laboratory.
Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia
Ali M. Zaki, M.D., Ph.D., Sander van Boheemen, M.Sc., Theo M. Bestebroer, B.Sc., Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, D.V.M., Ph.D.,
and Ron A.M. Fouchier, Ph.D.
N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1814-1820November 8, 2012 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721
A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from the sputum of a 60-year-old man who
presented with acute pneumonia and subsequent renal failure with a fatal outcome in
Saudi Arabia. The virus (called HCoV-EMC) replicated readily in cell culture, producing
cytopathic effects of rounding, detachment, and syncytium formation. The virus
represents a novel betacoronavirus species. The closest known relatives are bat
coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5. Here, the clinical data, virus isolation, and molecular
identification are presented. The clinical picture was remarkably similar to that of the
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and reminds us that animal
coronaviruses can cause severe disease in humans.
Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
The Erasmus University Medical Center is the academic hospital of the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. It is
affiliated with the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, and home to its faculty of medicine. With 1320 beds it is the
second largest hospital of The Netherlands, only 19 beds behind UMC Groningen. This is where the Health Protection
Agency (HPA )of the UK collected information from the clinical samples from a 49-year old man from Qatar infected
with novel coronavirus.
FIGURE 1 Abnormalities on Chest Imaging of the Patient.
Saudis report third case of new coronavirus
The Canadian Press
Sunday, November 4, 2012 - 14:01
The government of Saudi Arabia has announced it has found another
human case of infection with the new coronavirus that emerged earlier
this year.
The virus is from the same family as SARS.
The Saudi Press Agency says the Ministry of Health has confirmed the
infection was diagnosed in a man who lives in the capital city, Riyadh.
The news item contained few details, but did reveal the man appears to
be recovering.
The first case of infection with the new virus was found in Riyadh in
June; that man died.
A second infection was spotted in a man from Qatar who was flown for
treatment to England, where he remains in hospital.
Saudi Arabia reports third novel coronavirus case
Robert Roos News Editor
Nov 5, 2012 (CIDRAP News) – Saudi Arabian officials
yesterday reported the world's third known infection with a
novel coronavirus, in a Saudi man who was hospitalized in
intensive care but is recovering and has no links to the two
previous cases.
Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat - Epomophorus labiatus
Identification:
Two post dental palatal ridges; 4th palatal ridge much nearer 3rd than 5th. It is a medium-sized fruit bat. Total
length of the single adult female 79 mm and forearm length of three adults 65.6-70.2 mm (Gaucher, 1992).
Shoulder pouches lined with white hairs are well-developed in adult males. Males are larger than females.
Distribution:
Recorded only from Riyadh escarpment in Asir.
Suborder Megachiroptera………………………………………………………………….4
Family Pteropodidae - Fruit Bats………………………………………………………….4
Subfamily Pteropodinae…………………………………………………………………...4
Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat Epomophorus labiatus ……….……...……………………4
Egyptian fruit bat - Rousettus aegyptiacus………………………………………………..5
Straw-colored fruit bat - Eidolon helvum ………………………………………………...6
Suborder Microchiroptera…………………………………………………………………7
Family Rhinopomatidae- Mouse-tailed Bats ……………………………………………..7
Greater mouse-tailed bat - Rhinopoma microphyllum…………………………………….7
Lesser mouse-tailed bat - Rhinopoma hardwickii…………………………………………7
Muscat mouse-tailed – Rhinopoma muscatellum…………………………………………7
Family Emballonuridae - Sheath-tailed Bats……………………………………………...9
Egyptian tomb bat - Taphozous perforatus ……………………………………………….9
Naked-bellied tomb bat - Taphozous nudiventris…………………………………………9
Family Nycteridae - Slit-faced Bats……………………………………………………...11
Aden slit-faced bat - Nycteris thebaica…………………………………………………..11
Family Rhinolophidae - Horseshoe Bats………………………………………………...12
Geoffroy’s horseshoe bat - Rhinolophus clivosus ……………………………………….12
Lesser horseshoe bat - Rhinolophus hipposideros……………………………………….13
Blasius’ horseshoe – Rhinolophus blasii ………………………………………………..14
Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat - Rhinolophus euryale…………………………………...15
Family Hipposideridae - Leaf-nosed Bats……………………………………………….16
Lesser leaf-nosed bat - Hipposideros caffer……………………………………………..16
Small leaf-nosed bat - Hipposideros megalotis………………………………………….17
Persian leaf-nosed – Triaenops persicus………………………..………………………..17
Trident leaf-nosed bat - Asellia tridens…………………………………………………..18
Small trident leaf-nosed bat - Asellia patrizii……………………………………………18
•The genome of the novel coronavirus believed to be responsible for one death and one critical
illness indicates, as suspected, that it may have originated in
bats, researchers reported.
•The virus, obtained from sputum samples of a 60-year-old
Saudi Arabian man who died from progressive respiratory and
renal failure in June, is distinct from the five other coronaviruses
known to infect humans, including the virus behind the severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that killed about
800 people in 2003, according to Ron Fouchier, PhD, of Erasmus
Medical Center in Rotterdam, and colleagues.
•It is most closely related to two coronaviruses found in bats, the researchers
reported online in the New England Journal of Medicine.
•Q:What are coronaviruses?
•Q: How common are human coronavirus infections?
•Q: Who can get infected?
•Q:How do I get infected?
•Q:When can I get infected?
•Q:What are the symptoms?
•Q:How can I protect myself?
•Q:What should I do if I get sick?
•Q:How do I get diagnosed?
•Q:Are there treatments?
Thank You!!!