Transcript MUL 2010 “Enjoyment of Music

MUH 2017
“Survey of Rock Music”
(Summer “B” 2012, Class # 50585)
Instructor: Scott Warfield, Assoc. Prof.
Classroom Building 1, Room 121
8:00 am-9:50 am (Mon-Tues-Wed-Thurs)
TEST # 1
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One week from today : Monday, 9 July 2012 (8:00 am)
Bring Scantrons & pencils
Picture ID & know your PID (or be penalized)
Covers anything assigned to date:
- Textbook: Intro & chapter 1
- Class Lectures (including songs on YouTube links)
- Podcasts (Publisher web site)
• Approximately 50-75 multiple-choice or T/F questions;
some related to sound examples
• My review sheets to be posted soon on course web site
• Counts 10% of course grade
Reminders: Some Important
Web Pages
• My home web page :
Scott Warfield's Home page
• MUH 2017 home web page :
MUH 2017 - Survey of Rock
(see especially “Daily Assignments”)
• Newcomers bookmark and read these pages
Robert Johnson
• Short life (1911-1938)
• Limited recordings
(1936-37)
• Extreme technique
• Very influential on rock
guitarists of 1960s
• Ex. YouTube - Roots of
Blues -- Robert Johnson
„Cross Road Blues"
Chicago Blues
• Performance in Urban
Environments (Bars, Clubs)
• Chess Records (“raw sound”)
- Amplification (distortion)
- “raw” sound
• Howlin Wolf: Ex. Howling Wolf Evil (Is Going On).wmv YouTube (textbook, p. 62),
Ex. YouTube - Howlin' Wolf How Many More Years
• Muddy Waters: Ex. muddy
waters i just want to make love to
you - YouTube
• Bo Diddley: Ex. Bo Diddley - I'm
A Man (live 1959) - YouTube
Black Gospel to Doo Wop
• Church as center of Black
Community
• Emphasis on Vocal Praise
• “Doo Wop”
- a cappella (no instruments)
- “street corner” groups
• The Chords - Sh-Boom –
YouTube (textbook, p. 13)
• The Crew Cuts - Sh Boom
Sh Boom - YouTube
Louis Jordan (1908-1975)
• “Jump” – small bands after WWII
• “Tympany Five” (actually 6)
• Very popular w/ white
audiences (“crossover”)
- “King of the Jukebox”
• Ex. “Choo Choo Ch’Boogie”
(1946) (# 1 on R&B, # 7 on Pop)
YouTube - Louis Jordan - Choo
choo ch'boogie
• Ex. “Caldonia” (1945)
(#1 on R&B, #6 on Pop)
YouTube - Caldonia / Louis Jordan
• “Grandfather of Rock ‘n Roll”
Louis Jordan (alto sax at right)
Big Joe Turner (1911-1985)
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Kansas City
“The Singing Barman”
“Blues Shouter”
Appears w/ boogie woogie
pianists & big bands
• National performer &
recording artist
• “earthy” lyrics
• Ex. Big JoeTurner - Shake,
Rattle, and Roll (1954) –
YouTube (textbook, p. 69)
Music Terminology
Some Useful Terms for Describing
Music
(also see Covach Podcasts)
What is “Music”?
“Organized Sounds and Silences”
--John Cage
What can you organize?
• The 4 Parameters of Sound
• Pitch = the frequency of vibration (heard as
“high” vs. “low”)
• Duration = the length of time a sound lasts
(heard as aspects of rhythm)
• Timbre = tone color (the source of the sound,
i.e., instrument, voice, other)
• Dynamics = Loudness/Softness
TIMBRE
• Pronounced “tam-ber”
• Also known as “tone color”
• The aspect of sound that makes a guitar
different from a saxophone
• Literally, the source of a sound
• Technically derives from the “shape” of
the sound wave [don’t need to know this]
Sources of Musical Sounds
• Human Voices (probably the earliest
way humans made music)
• Musical Instruments (devices or “tools”
for making and controlling sounds)
• “Other” sources, e.g., “natural” sounds,
electronic devices (synthesizers), etc.
“RHYTHM”
• From a Greek word (“rhythmos”) that
means “flow”
• Refers to all temporal (durational)
elements in a piece of music
• “The organization of time in music,
dividing up long spans of time into
smaller, more easily comprehended units”
Some Terms related to Rhythm
• Beat – regular, unchanging pulse
• Accent – emphasis on a beat (or other)
• Meter – measurement of time in regular
groupings of beats (textbook, p. 12)
• Measure or Bar – one group in a Meter
- can be Duple, Triple, or Quadruple
• Division of beats can be Simple (2) or
Compound (3)
• Tempo – speed of the beat
See Textbook (p. 11)
PITCH
• Function of “frequency” (how many
vibrations per second)
• Usually described as “high” or “low”
• Individual sound sometimes called a
“note” (from the written symbol for a
single sound)
• Range of human hearing 20 – 20,000 Hz
Some Useful Terms related to Pitch
• Interval – “distance” between 2 pitches
• Octave – 2:1 ratio of frequency
• Tonality – organization around home
pitch
• Tonic – the home pitch
• Key – collection of pitches around a tonal
center
• Scale – set of pitches in ascending and
descending order (scala [Ital.] = “ladder”)
Rock Scale types
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Use only some of all the available pitches
Series of whole and half steps (7 notes)
Major – sounds “bright,” “cheery”
Minor – sounds “dark,” “somber”
Pentatonic – uses only 5 notes
- Major or Minor
Harmony (Some Useful terms)
• Chord – 2 or more simultaneous pitches
• Triad – 3-note chord
• Tonic (I) – chord on home note (name of
scale or “key”)
• Dominant (V) – chord on 5th note of scale
• Subdominant (IV) – chord on 4th note of scale
• Consonant / Consonance – “pleasant”
combinations of sounds (subjective)
• Dissonant / Dissonance – “unpleasant”
combinations of sounds (subjective)
Musical Form
• The basic organizing principal in music
• “What comes next?”
• Three basic elements
Repetition – the same thing
Contrast – something new
Variation – a mix of old and new
Melodic Structure
• Similar to Speech (words, phrases,
sentences, paragraphs, etc.)
• Musical PHRASE – coherent subdivision
of a larger unit (similar to sentences or
clauses in speech)
• CADENCE – resting point at the end of
a phrase (full or partial, cf. punctuation
marks, periods, commas, etc.)
Some Formal Patterns
• Alternating sections
- Verse (same music, but changing words)
- Chorus (same music & words; “refrain”)
• “Song Form” – usually 4 equal phrases
- A A B A or A A’ B A” or AABC, ABCD, etc.
- Bridge (3rd phrase) often contrasts harmonically
• 12-Bar Blues – 3 phrases repeated over and over
A - statement
A’ - restatement (intensification)
B – conclusion
• Call-Response