Transcript Chapter 1 PowerPoint

Chapter 1
Understanding
Multimedia
Dr. Tony DeMars, Texas A&M-Commerce
REMINDER: Technology
use only for taking notes.
No open web pages, no
texting, no cell phone use,
no Facebooking, etc.
Social Media
Social media is a broad
term used to describe
the many web-based
tools that enable
computer-mediated
interpersonal, group,
and mass
communication.
•Blogging
•Content Sharing
•Social Bookmarking
•Social Networking
•Wiki
Metaphors
• The Apple Lisa
computer used icons
to represent virtual
versions of common,
everyday objects found
in a real office.
• What preceded this
first GUI?
Metaphors
• Not metaphors:
• Is a painter’s canvas
‘media’?
• Is a sculptor’s stone
‘media’?
• How and why do
humans
communicate?
-dance, music, etc.
Multimedia
Multimedia is any
combination of:
• Text
• Graphics
• Video
• Audio
• Animation
→ in a distributable
format that consumers
can interact with using
a digital device.
 How different from
interactive media?
Mobile Marketplace
In addition to traditional
print and online media
channels, the mobile
marketplace offers
readers access to
information and
entertainment through
a growing cadre of
digital devices and
gaming apps.
Hypermedia
• Hypermedia makes
watching a video
online a more
interactive and
nonlinear experience.
• Compare hypertext
• Links, connections
• 2-way, multipath
Virtual Desktop
Visitors to J. K.
Rowling’s
official website
are treated to
an interactive
virtual desktop.
http://www.jkrowling.com/
Catfish King
Kid’s Page
Cloud computing
• How
important is
‘storage
elsewhere’?
• How
important is
‘access
anywhere’?
Three Generations of the Web
•
•
•
•
Web 1.0
Web 2.0
Web 3.0
‘Semantic Web’
Mosaic
• Mosaic 1.0 was
released in 1993.
• It was one of the first
web browsers to
combine colored
images with text on
the same screen.
• The world was
changed forever.
Memories…
• 14.4 dial up
connection (or less)
• ‘local number’
• Note kB – not MB or
gB
• Chat rooms
• America Online and
CompuServe (preInternet)
• 10 hours access per
month
• Hypertext article
• Newsgroups
• ‘The Well’
From Old to New Media
• Old Media:
7 traditional forms of
mass communication
• New Media:
emerging digital
technologies
Old Media
(Legacy Media)
PRINT MEDIA
•Books
•Newspapers
•Magazines
TIME-BASED
MEDIA
•Sound Recordings
•Movies
•Radio
•Television
3 Characteristics of Old Media
1. The mass media are the product of large
organizations that operate with great expense.
2. The mass media are directed towards a relatively
large, heterogeneous, and anonymous audience.
3. The mass media are publicly transmitted and
timed to reach the most audience members
simultaneously.
Source: Sociologist Charles Wright, 1950s
But now…
‘Citizen Journalism’
User Generated Content
Blogs
Sent from my iPhone
Sent with two cans and a string
Mainstream Distribution
CNN iReport gives
users of CNN.com
a public outlet for
posting opinion pieces,
news reports, photos,
and video.
Citizen Journalism
Fox News provides the
uReport iPhone app to
citizen journalists for
instant filing of usergenerated photos.
Emerson College in
Boston has a
‘newscast app’
Adapting
• The ‘mainstream
media’ must adapt or
become irrelevant
• But we still need large
groups and distribution:
--9/11
--Oklahoma tornado
--Super storm Sandy
Internet Radio
• With support for
mobile
apps and social media,
Pandora’s reach
extends far beyond
the Web.
• What’s wrong with
‘Internet Radio’?
• What challenging
about ‘Internet Video’?
New Media
• E-books
• Online newspapers
• Social magazine
apps
• Blogs
• Music downloading
• On-demand
streaming media
• Internet radio
• Smart TV
‘Online DVR’
• Netflix
• Hulu Plus
• YouTube
• Sat TV anywhere?
• Licensing & copyright
• Aereo
• UGC vs. professional
• ‘Complete access to
anything from
anywhere’
• ‘Semantic web’
• ‘Computer: play
‘lighting strike scene
from the movie “Back
to the Future.’
‘Online DVR’
• Did you say “fighting
scene” from Star
Trek: Insurrection?
• No
• Did you mean
‘Lightning Scene’
from the movie
‘Twister’
• ‘virtual reality’ room
environment? – say
it, play it
• Siri examples?
• Autocorrect examples
New Media & Advertising
• Businesses can
continue to reach
readers through
traditional methods of
print advertising and/or
through new media
channels of content
delivery via the Web
(online), mobile, and
tablet technologies.
• But – RTV 453
Smartphones
Convergence
• A phone was once
“just” a phone.
• Today, the smart
phone represents the
convergence of many
previously discrete
communication
technologies.
5 Principles of New Media
• Numerical Representation
• Structural Modularity
• Automation
• Variability
• Cultural Transcoding
Source: Manovich, L. (2001). The language of new media. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
1. Principle of Numerical Representation
In Adobe
Photoshop, filters
can be used to
create visual
effects using
mathematical
algorithms.
But, reality?
2. Principle of Structural Modularity
This composite image is constructed of four separate
elements: sky, sun, house, and person. Each element
resides on its own editable layer, allowing the designer to
easily change any part of the design without affecting the
others.
3. Principle of Automation
The photo gallery on the right was created in Adobe
Photoshop CS5 with automation provided by the
SimpleViewer plug-in.
3. Principle of Automation
Using Adobe
Bridge, you can
automatically
rename a group
of selected
images and
copy them to a
new folder.
4. Principle of Variability
This image of a red boat was saved first in Adobe Photoshop’s
native PSD file format. However, the program offers lots of
options for saving a document file in a different image format.
• So what does this all
mean?
• We’re in the middle of significant changes in how
people communicate
• The last significant change happened with radio
(TV was an extension)
• Connection to others is getting easier
• Worldwide connection is becoming commonplace
• ‘Ubiquity of technology’
• Undermining of previous power relationships is
occurring
• We are communicating differently (or) we are not
• Web pages and apps to
communicate with users
• Web page based on html
• How did the Internet
start?
• How was the initial
‘version’ used?
▫ Newsgroups
▫ Email
▫ Games
What changed?
• From Arpanet to Internet
•New program – the World
Wide Web:
Tim Berners-Lee
• GUI, personal computers
• Some quiz / test review
ideas…
T or F: Timothy Berners-Lee invented the
Internet.
False. He invented
the World Wide Web.
A(n) ------ is a mathematical sequence
or set of instructions for solving a
problem.
algorithm
____ is broad term used to describe
the many web-based tools that enable
computer-mediated interpersonal,
group, and mass communication.
Social media
Timothy Berners-Lee referred to what
generation of the Web as the
Semantic Web.
‘Web 3.0’
The term ________________ was first
used by Thomas Kuhn to describe a
monumental change that would
challenge the scientific community’s
preconceived ideas and assumptions
about natural phenomena.
Paradigm shift
The term _______ is used to describe
the methods of new media companies
like Pandora Radio to deliver content
to a niche audience with shared
values and interests.
narrowcasting
Nicolas Negroponte used the phrase
“from atoms to bits” to describe a
radical shift during the digital
revolution in the production of
intellectual content from material to
electronic formats, an idea often
called the ------- .
Negroponte shift
_________________ is the merging together
of previously discrete technologies into a
unified whole.
convergence
The execution of a series of sequential
actions performed by a digital device
or software application is called ____.
Batch processing
______ is an automated background
process activated by a computer
application whenever numerical
calculations or transformations are
performed.
rendering
Discussion
• What are some good things communication technologies
provide?
• What are some damaging things done by communication
technologies?
• What are the critical skills for everyone working in a field
based on reaching an audience with content?
• How important is music to a society? Radio? Streaming
music? Buying music? Live music performance?
• How important is storytelling to a society? Movies? Creating
stories for others?
• How do you consumer media content? How has that changed
in your lifetime?