Transcript AH exit Exam Review PPT

Arts and Humanities Exit Exam
MUSIC REVIEW
Elements of Music
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Rhythm
Tempo
Melody
Harmony
Form
Timbre
Dynamics
Rhythm
• The pattern of notes and rests
• Important Rhythm Terms
– Syncopation
• Placing emphasis on the weak or off beats
– Meter
• (AKA Time Signature)
• 3 Types
– Simple: 4/4
– Compound: 6/8
– Asymmetrical: 5/4
Note and Rest Values
• Whole Note= 4 beats
• Half Note= 2 beats
• Quarter Note= 1 beat
• Eighth Note= ½ beat
• Sixteenth Note= ¼ beat
Tempo
• The speed of the music
• Accelerando
– Gradually speed up
• Ritardando
– Gradually slow down
Tempo Markings
• Largo
– Very slow
• Andante
– Walking speed
• Moderato
– Medium speed
• Allegro
– Fast tempo
• Presto
– Very fast
Melody
• The main part of the song that can be
hummed by the listener
• Key Signature
– Sharps and flats placed @ the beginning of
the music that show the scale on which the
music is based.
Harmony
• Two or more notes sounded together
• Consonance
– Harmony that is pleasing to
the listener
• Dissonance
– Harmony that is “harsh”
to the listener
Form
• The way the music is organized
• Opera Forms
– Overture
• Introduction for operas and ballets
– Aria
• Song for solo voice that is very melodic in character
– Recitative
• Song sung in a speaking manner
Types of Forms
• AB
– 2 contrasting sections
• ABA
– 2 contrasting sections that repeats back to the
1st section
• Call and Response
– One group performs and another group
echoes
• Theme and Variations
– Basic melody performed in a variety of ways
Timbre
• The unique characteristic of sound
• VOCAL TIMBRES
– Soprano
• High Female Voice
– Alto
• Low Female Voice
– Tenor
• High Male Voice
– Bass
• Low Male Voice
INSTRUMENT FAMILIES
• Woodwind
– Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, Oboe, Bassoon
• Brass
– Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba
• String
– Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Guitar
• Percussion
– Drums, Xylophone, Tambourine, Cymbals
Dynamics
• The loudness or softness of music
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Pianissimo (pp)
Piano (p)
Mezzo Piano (mp)
Mezzo Forte (mf)
Forte (f)
Fortissimo (ff)
Very Soft
Soft
Moderately Soft
Moderately Loud
Loud
Very Loud
Music Symbols
• Staff
• Treble Clef
• Bass Clef
• Sharp
• Flat
• Natural
Symbols, cont.
• Crescendo
• Decrescendo
• Accent
• Fermata
• Coda
More symbols
• DC- Repeat to the beginning
• DS- Repeat to the sign
• Fine-The End
Renaissance Period
• Most important composer
– Giovanni Palestrina
• He utilized the
“counterpoint” system
Baroque Period
• Important Composers
– George Frederic Handel
• Known for oratorios (“The Messiah”)
– Johann Sebastian Bach
• Cantatas for his church services
• Fugue- An imitative style of
composition developed
during this period
Classical Period
• Important Composers
– Franz Josef Haydn
• “The father of the Symphony”
– Ludwig Van Beethoven
• Most well known is his “5th Symphony”
Romantic Period
• Important Composers
– Richard Wagner
• Known for his operas
• Ride of the Valkyries
• The Flying Dutchman
– Peter Tchaikovsky
• Known for his ballets
• The Nutcracker, Swan Lake,
Romeo & Juliet
Impressionism
• Important Composers
– Claude Debussy
– Maurice Ravel
• Both composers incorporated symbolism into
their music
Modern Period
• Jazz Music
– Combines spirituals, blues, and improvisation
to create a new and unique style
• Improvisation
– To create music
spontaneously
(“on the spot”)
American Music
• George Gershwin
– Incorporated Jazz elements into classical
music
– Rhapsody in Blue
– An American in Paris
• Aaron Copland
– Used American folk songs and ideas in his
music
– Appalachian Spring
– Billy the Kid
• Duke Ellington
– Helped shape jazz styles in American music
– Take the A Train
– Mood Indigo
Purposes of Music
• Ceremonial
– Music for ceremonies and rituals
– Star Spangled Banner, Wedding March
• Artistic
– Music used to express emotion
– Ballet Music
• Recreational
– Music for Fun
– Dance Music
The End (FINE)