Transcript Cardiovascular system

UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
HEART
BLOOD
BLOOD VESSEL
Cardiovascular System
Information/Discussion
FUNCTIONS
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
•
Supply and transportation of O2 and other nutrients to the body
for muscular contraction
•
Removal of waste: CO2 and lactic acid
•
Stabilisation of body temperature – at rest and during exercise
•
Protection from disease
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Structure of the Heart
Delivers
Carbon
Dioxide
• The HEART is a CARDIAC
MUSCLE
Information/Discussion
Capillaries in the lungs
Collects
Oxygen
Pulmonary
Vein
Pulmonary
Artery
• The heart acts as a PUMP in a
DOUBLE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Practical Application
R L
Blood low in oxygen
(deoxygenated)
Links
Blood rich in oxygen
(oxygenated)
Diagram/Table
Capillaries in the body
Activity
Collects Carbon
Dioxide and
waste
Show blood circulation
Aorta
Delivers
Oxygen and
food
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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R
L
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
PULMONARY CIRCUIT
Transports oxygenated blood
around the body (including
working muscles) and
transports deoxygenated blood
back to the heart.
Transports deoxygenated blood
from the heart to the lungs
where carbon dioxide (CO2) is
exchanged for Oxygen (O2),
before it returns to the heart.
(Click here)
(Click here)
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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• The RIGH HAND SIDE of the heart pumps DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD returning from the body:
–
Deoxygenated blood flows through the VENA CAVA  RIGHT
ATRIUM  RIGHT VENTRICLE  PULMONARY ARTERY to
the LUNGS for oxygenation
Information/Discussion
Pulmonary artery
Deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
Deoxygenated blood
from the body
Practical Application
Vena cava
Links
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Diagram/Table
Activity
Right ventricle
Show path of
deoxygenated blood
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
•
The LEFT HAND SIDE of the heart pumps OXYGENATED
BLOOD returning from the lungs:
–
Oxygenated blood through the PULMONARY VEIN  LEFT
ATRIUM  LEFT VENTRICLE  AORTA to body.
Information/Discussion
Aorta
Oxygenated blood
to the body
Oxygenated blood
from the lungs
Practical Application
Pulmonary vein
Links
Right atrium
Diagram/Table
Bicuspid valve
Right ventricle
Activity
Show path of oxygenated
blood
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
HEART RATE (HR)
‘The number of times the heart beats in one minute.’
Information/Discussion
At rest it beats between 50 and 80 times per minute. When more blood is
required by the muscles during exercise, the heart rate can increase to over
200 beats per minute, pumping around 45 litres around the body.
Heart rate varies according to age, fitness and health.
Practical Application
STROKE VOLUME (SV)
Links
‘The amount of blood forced out of the heart (left ventricle) per beat.’
Diagram/Table
Activity
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
‘The amount of blood pumped out of the heart (left ventricle) in one
minute.’
Information/Discussion
Cardiac output varies depending on the intensity of the exercise and
the fitness levels of the person.
Practical Application
Cardiac Output Q = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
Links
CO = HR × SV
Diagram/Table
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
• The human body contains nearly 5 litres of blood
• Blood is made up of 4 elements:
Information/Discussion
Red Blood Cells
Most important function is to transport O2 (oxygen) to
muscle cells to allow energy release and movement.
Practical Application
White Blood Cells
Their chief function is to protect the body against
disease.
Links
Platelets
These bind together to form clots which prevent
bleeding.
Diagram/Table
Plasma
Activity
Makes up 55% of the total blood volume, 92% of which
is water. It contains dissolved food and takes away
waste – CO2. Proteins and amino acids are transported
to cells in the body and used for growth and repair.
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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BLOOD VESSELS
• Blood is transported from the heart around the body and back to the
heart in blood vessels.
When blood leaves the heart –
• There are 3 types of blood vessels.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
These branch off into ARTERIOLES –
Oxygen diffuses from blood into
smaller, but more numerous
tissues through thin capillary
walls. Carbon dioxide diffuses out
of the tissues into the blood
Deoxygenated When it reaches the muscles, blood passes into
Oxygenated
blood
CAPILLARIES – even smaller, but more numerous.
blood
At the capillaries, the blood gives up its
oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide
Links
Diagram/Table
passes into ARTERIES
Artery
Vein
Arterioles
Venules
The blood starts its journey BACK to the
heart in small, narrow veins called VENULES
Capillaries
The blood then passes into larger
VEINS before returning to the heart
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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BLOOD PRESSURE
• The force of blood against the artery walls.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
• With exercise, the heart has to work to supply more O2 to muscles. As a
result, the force of blood leaving the heart increases and blood pressure
increases.
• Blood pressure is easily measured by taking the pressure at an artery in
the arm.
• SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is the pressure of blood flow on the arteries
when the LEFT VENTRICLE CONTRACTS.
• DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is the pressure of blood flow on the arteries
when the LEFT VENTRICLE RELAXES.
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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BLOOD PRESSURE
• The average blood pressure reading for a young adult is 120/80.
• Factors which can affect blood pressure:
–
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
AGE, SEX, EXERCISE INTENSITY, STRESS, CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM, FITNESS
• Ways in which blood pressure can be reduced:
–
REGULAR EXERCISE, SENSIBLE DIET, AVOID STRESS,
MEDICATION
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
• The blood flow and blood distribution change according to the demand of
exercising. The working parts of the body need to be supplied with the
necessary amounts of O2
The re-distribution of blood is called the VASCULAR SHUNT
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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BLOOD PRESSURE
• Blood flow to the muscles and the skin will increase during exercise.
Blood flow to the kidneys and digestive system will decrease during
exercise.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
• The heat produced by the body increases as the INTENSITY and
DURATION of exercise increases.
• To control high body temperature, blood is diverted to the capillaries just
below the skin – this causes the skin to redden and heat from the blood
is then RADIATED from the skin. This widening of the capillaries is called
VASODILATION.
• To control low body temperature, the capillaries VASO CONSTRICT –
become narrower, therefore reducing heat loss by radiation. Muscles
begin to ‘shiver’ – small contractions which provide ‘heat’.
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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BLOOD PRESSURE
• Another way of combating overheating is by SWEATING. Sweat is
formed in sweat glands under the skin. Sweating is caused by the
EVAPORATION of sweat from the skin’s surface.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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Group Discussion
Heart / Blood / Blood Vessels
FUNCTIONS
Information/Discussion
Mapping exercise
Practical Application
Double Loop System –
Transportation of Blood
(Blood Pathway)
Links
Discussion
Diagram/Table
‘As a result of regular Aerobic Training,
the heart gets bigger (HYPERTROPHY).
How does this effect :
Stroke volume,
Heart rate,
Blood flow
Cardiac output
Activity
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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Group Discussion
Heart rate
1) At rest, 2) after exercise, 3) Recovery rate
(2mins/15mins)
Information/Discussion
Discussion
Practical Application
‘How would heart rate differ
between a short period of
anaerobic work and a longer
period of aerobic work?’
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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• Use the following 2 diagrams to relate heart rate to physical activity:
Information/Discussion
1) The graph below shows the heart rate of two sixteen year old athletes
when training at the same intensity. Explain why athlete B is the fittest
athlete.
180
Athlete A
Practical Application
Athlete B
120
Links
Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
90
Diagram/Table
60
Activity
0
10
20
Time (minutes)
30
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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2) The graph below shows the heart rate of an eighteen year old badminton
player during a game.
Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
250
Information/Discussion
200
Practical Application
150
100
Links
50
Diagram/Table
5
0
Activity
(i)
10
15
20
Time (minutes)
Give two pieces of evidence to suggest that this player is a fit
competitor.
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
250
200
Information/Discussion
150
100
Practical Application
50
Links
5
0
Diagram/Table
(ii)
Activity
(iii)
10
15
20
Time (minutes)
During the game the player’s heart rate reaches 220 beats per minute
(BPM). Calculate the player’s maximum heart rate (MHR) during the
game.
What evidence is there to suggest that this player worked both
aerobically and anaerobically during the game?
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UNIT 1 - Links
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Skeletal System
Respiratory System
Aerobic / Anaerobic Systems
Muscular System
Energy Continuum
Training Zones
Intensity / Duration of Exercise
Short-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body
Long-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
1.
Match the parts of the heart and connecting blood vessels to their
function.
[Click here
to see diagram]
Function
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Name of Part
Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Left ventricle
Brings back oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
Pulmonary vein
A two-flapped valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle
Aorta
The biggest chamber of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood around the body
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Main artery which takes oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body
Superior vena cava
Left atrium
The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from lower body
Right atrium
The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from upper body
Inferior vena cava
The chamber where deoxygenated blood enters the heart
Bicuspid valve
The three-flapped valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle
Right ventricle
The chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Deoxygenated blood
from the body
Information/Discussion
Oxygenated blood
to the body
Oxygenated blood
from the lungs
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava
Left atrium
Practical Application
Right atrium
Diagram/Table
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Links
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Activity
SHOW/HIDE LABELS
Back
SHOW/HIDE ARROWS
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
2.
Explain the relationship between cardiac output (Q) and exercise
intensity.
3.
Explain how the heart’s structure is adapted to its function.
4.
What is blood pressure?
5.
What is systolic pressure?
6.
What is diastolic pressure?
7.
What is the normal blood pressure reading for a young person?
8.
Give five factors that can affect blood pressure.
Diagram/Table
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Information/Discussion
9.
Why can narrowing or blocking of blood vessels be dangerous?
10.
Give five ways blood pressure can be reduced.
11.
Define the following terms:
a)
Heart rate (HR)
b)
Stroke volume (SV)
c)
Cardiac output (Q)
12.
What simple equation relates these three values?
13.
Give two differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle.
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Complete the following description of the blood’s journey from the
heart around the body and back to the heart by dragging the
correct word from the list below:
14.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Blood is transported from the heart around the __________ and back to the
heart in ______________________. There are ___________ types of blood
vessel. These branch off into ________________. These are smaller but are
more numerous. When it gets to the muscles, blood passes into the
___________. These are even smaller, but there are millions of them. At the
capillaries, the blood gives up its _______________ and takes in
_______________. The blood starts its journey back to the heart in small veins
called ________________. The blood then passes into larger _______________
before returning to the heart.
venules
capillaries
arteries
blood vessels
body
oxygen
arterioles
veins
carbon dioxide
three
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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Information/Discussion
15.
Explain four ways in which blood helps the body during exercise.
16.
Complete the table to show how the constituents (parts) of blood
help us when doing sport.
CONSTITUENT
HELPS US WHEN DOING SPORT BY…
Red blood cells
Practical Application
Plasma
Links
White blood cells
Platelets
Diagram/Table
Activity
Carrying fuel, in the from of food, to the working muscles and
takes away waste such as CO2
17.
The path that the blood takes can be described as a double loop.
What is each loop called?
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
18.
How would a 1500m runner benefit from higher levels of red
blood cells?
19.
Complete the following table:
Types of blood
vessel
Information/Discussion
1.
Practical Application
Links
Description and function
Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure from heart to the body. These are the
thickest blood vessels.
They swell as the blood is forced through then recoil back to normal.
You can feel your pulse in them.
2. Capillaries
Diagram/Table
3.
Activity
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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X on the graph shows how a sports person’s heart rate responds to a 10
minute run at 12kmph and how it recovers.
20.
Y shows the heart rate response to the same run after a period of regular
endurance training.
Explain the reasons for the changed heart rate pattern.
Information/Discussion
BPM
180
170
Practical Application
160
150
140
Links
130
120
110
Diagram/Table
100
90
80
X
Y
Activity
70
TIME
0 mins
10 mins
20 mins
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The Function of the Cardiovascular System
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21.
Answer the following:
a)
How does regular aerobic training affect stroke volume?
b)
How does this affect a person’s heart rate and cardiac
output when running at a medium pace for 5 minutes?
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
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UNIT 1 – Key Facts/ Glossary
The Function of the Cardiovascular System
in Facilitating and Improving Movement
Healthy Lifestyles
Blood
Information/Discussion
• Double circuit
• Blood flow
Systemic
HEART
Blood Vessels
FUNCTIONS
Pulmonary
Practical Application
• Cooling of body
• Cardiac Output (CO)
Links
• Composition of blood
Vasodilatation
Diagram/Table
• Arteries / Veins / Capillaries
(Sweating)
Vasoconstriction
(Low body
temperature control)
• Gaseous Exchange
Activity
• Blood Pressure (BP)
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