Transcript Week 6 - Balance Massage Therapy

Class 6
Cardiovascular System
Blood
Heart
Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
Walls of the Heart
• Epicardium
(AKA Visceral
Pericardium)
– Outer layer
• Myocardium
– Muscle layer
• Endocardium
– Inner layer
that forms
valves & lines
chambers
Chambers of the Heart
Chambers and Valves of the Heart
• Right atrium
– Receives lowoxygen blood
returning from
body tissue through
superior vena cava
and inferior vena
cava
• Left atrium
– Receives highoxygen blood from
lungs
• Right ventricle
– Pumps blood from
right atrium to
lungs
• Left ventricle
– Pumps oxygenated
blood to body
Blood Flow Through Heart
10
1 Blood enters right atrium from superior
and inferior vena cava.
Aorta
Left pulmonary
artery
11
5
5
9
Pulmonary trunk
Superior
vena cava
Right
pulmonary
veins
4
6
6
Left atrium
1
Aortic valve
7
3
Right
atrium
8
2
Right AV
(tricuspid) valve
Left AV
(bicuspid) valve
Left ventricle
3 Contraction of right ventricle forces
pulmonary valve open.
4 Blood flows through pulmonary valve
into pulmonary trunk.
5 Blood is distributed by right and left
pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it
unloads CO2 and loads O2.
6 Blood returns from lungs via pulmonary
veins to left atrium.
7 Blood in left atrium flows through left AV
valve into left ventricle.
8 Contraction of left ventricle (simultaneous with
step 3 ) forces aortic valve open.
9 Blood flows through aortic valve into
ascending aorta.
Right
ventricle
Inferior
vena cava
Left pulmonary
veins
2 Blood in right atrium flows through right
AV valve into right ventricle.
11
10 Blood in aorta is distributed to every organ in
the body, where it unloads O2 and loads CO2.
11 Blood returns to heart via venae cavae.
blood pathway travels from the right atrium through the body and back to the starting
point
Coronary Circulation
Cardiac Conduction System
1 SA node fires.
Right atrium
2 Excitation spreads through
atrial myocardium.
2
1
Sinoatrial node
(pacemaker)
Left
atrium
2
Atrioventricular
node
Atrioventricular
bundle
Purkinje fibers
Purkinje
fibers
3
Bundle
branches
4
5
3 AV node fires.
4 Excitation spreads down AV
bundle.
5 Purkinje fibers distribute
excitation through
ventricular myocardium.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• composite of all action potentials of nodal and myocardial
cells detected, amplified and recorded by electrodes on
arms, legs and chest
0.8 second
R
R
Millivolts
+1
PQ
segment
ST
segment
T wave
P wave
0
PR
Q
interval
S
QT
interval
QRS interval
–1
Atria
contract
Ventricles
contract
Atria
contract
Ventricles
contract
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Blood Pressure
Systole
Contraction phase
Diastole
Relaxation phase
Venous Blood Flow
• Skeletal Muscle
Action
– Valves
• Respiratory
Movements
– Valves
• Venous
Constriction
Arterial System
Venous System
Hepatic Portal System
Blood
• Functions of Blood
– Transportation of Substances
• Gases, nutrients, wastes, etc
– Body Temperature Regulation
• Dermal blood vessels either dilate or
constrict
– Aids Homeostasis
– Protection
• WBC’s
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Blood Cells
Erythropoieses
(RBC production)
LOW O2 Levels
Liver and Kidneys
create & release
Erythropoietin
Increased RBC =
Increased O2 levels
Bone marrow
increases RBC
production
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
• Cell fragments
• Help close breaks in
damaged vessels
• Formed from exploded
megakarocytes
Blood Plasma
Hemostasis
Clotting Factors
Factors of Coagulation
• Prevent Coagulation:
– Increase circulation
– Decrease clotting
factors
– Medication
– Heparin
• Promote
Coagulation:
– Slow
circulation/stagnant
blood
– Damaged Vessel
– Medication
Antigen
on RBC
surface
Antibody
in blood
stream
RH Blood Groups
• Rh Factor
• Additional ID marker found on the red blood cell
membrane.
• If the ID is present = Positive (+)
• If the ID is absent = Negative (-)
• This factor is not that important until the female
becomes pregnant.
Agglutination Reactions
Thank goodness!!!