Transcript Management Techniques for the Health Unit Coordinator

Chapter 10
Diseases and Conditions of
the Circulatory System
Copyright
Elsevier
Inc.Inc.
All All
rights
reserved.
Copyright©©2005
2005byby
Elsevier
rights
reserved.
Slide 1
Orderly Function of the Circulatory
System
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2
Coronary artery disease: A condition
: www.faqs.org/.../Cardiovascular-Disease.html
involving the arteries that supply the
myocardium, in which the arteries become
narrowed due to atherosclerotic deposits
over time, causing temporary cardiac
ischemia and eventually heart attack
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Coronary Artery Disease (cont’d.)
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
http://medirec.ncvc.go.jp/cgi-bin/get_file?FILE_NAME=S2004081157300002.jpg
Myocardial infarction: (MI) - Death of
myocardial tissue caused by the
development of ischemia
 Most common cause is coronary
thrombosis.
Slide 4
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive heart disease: A condition
caused by chronically elevated pressure
throughout the vascular system.
 Most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in
the U.S.
 Essential hypertension
 Malignant hypertension
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Congestive Heart Failure: An acute or
chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood
throughout the body
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
www.heartcarecenters.com/images/CHF.jpg
Slide 6
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy: A noninflammatory
disease of the cardiac muscle resulting in
enlargement of myocardium and ventricular
dysfunction
 three groups:
 dilated - degeneration of myocardial fibers
 hypertrophic - small left ventricle
 restrictive - thickening of myocardium
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Rheumatic Fever
Rheumatic fever: a systemic inflammatory
and autoimmune disease involving the
joints and cardiac tissue
 generally preceded by sore throat caused
by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Cardiac Tamponade
 Cardiac
tamponade is
an emergency
condition that
requires
hospitalization.
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Shock
Shock: collapse of the cardiovascular
system, including vasodilation and fluid
shift accompanied by inefficient cardiac
output
Cardiogenic shock: inadequate
output of blood by the heart when the
myocardium fails to pump effectively
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Causes of Shock
 anaphylaxis
 hemorrhage
 sepsis
 respiratory distress
 heart failure
 neurologic failure
 emotional catastrophe
 severe metabolic insult
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
The Vascular System
www.siumed.edu/~dking2/bluehist/VesWall.jpg
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Vascular Conditions
Arteriosclerosis: a condition that occurs
when the walls of the arterioles thicken,
with loss of elasticity and contractility
Atherosclerosis: a thickening and
hardening of the arteries that occurs when
plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the
arterial tunica intima
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Vascular Conditions
Raynaud disease
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Varicose veins
Slide 14
Blood Dyscrasias
 Deviations or
malfunctioning of the
blood system
 Sites of blood cell
formation
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Blood Dyscrasias (cont’d.)
Anemia: a condition in which there is a
reduction in the quantity of either red blood
cells or hemoglobin, reducing the blood’s
ability to carry oxygen to the cells
 Symptoms: fatigue, pale appearance
 Diagnostic factors: reduced red blood cell
numbers, reduced hemoglobin levels,
changes in morphology of corpuscles
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
Leukemias
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
www.taconichills.k12.ny.us/.../Leukemiapic.gif
Malignant neoplasms
of the blood-forming
organs that produce
an abnormal,
uncontrolled clonal
proliferation of one
specific type of
blood cell in the
lymphoid or myeloid
cell lines
Slide 17
Transfusion Incompatibility
Reaction
Transfusion incompatibility reaction: a
condition that results when the blood or
blood product transfused has antibodies to
the recipient red blood cells or the recipient
has antibodies to the donor’s red blood
cells
 Characteristics of the most severe
transfusion reactions are hemolysis and
agglutenation.
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
Early Signs of Hemophilia
 male child with:
 unexplained
prolonged bleeding
 noticeable
hematomas
 easy bruising
 excessive nose
bleeds
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 19