Chapter 27: Vital Signs
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Transcript Chapter 27: Vital Signs
Chapter 27
Vital Signs
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).
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Produced in the United States of America
ISBN 0-7216-9770-4
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Introduction
Vital signs can provide you with a minimum
level of determining a patient’s health status.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Factors Influencing Vital Signs
Emotional influences
• Stress
• Fear
Physical influences
• Illness
• Drinking or eating
• Rushed
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Temperature
Degree of the hotness or coldness of body
temperature.
Temperature readings
• Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F
Thermometer types
• Glass (Figure 27-2)
• Electronic (Figure 27-7)
• Tympanic (Figure 27-8)
Procedure
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Fig. 27-2 Glass thermometer.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Fig. 27-7 Electronic thermometer.
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Fig. 27-8 Tympanic thermometer.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Pulse
A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time
the heart beats.
Pulse sites
• Radial artery
• Brachial artery
• Carotid artery
Pulse Characteristics
• Rate
• Rhythm
• Volume
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Pulse- cont’d
Pulse readings
• Adult resting: 60-100 beats per minute
• Child: 70-120 beats per minute
Irregularity
• Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force or
rhythm of the heartbeat
Procedure
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Respiration
The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”
Respiration characteristics
• Rate: Total number of breaths per minute
• Rhythm: Breathing pattern
• Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled
Respiration readings
• Adult: 10-20 breaths per minute
• Child to teenage: 18-30 breaths per minute
Procedure
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Blood Pressure
The amount of work the heart has to exert to
pump blood throughout the body.
Two pressures of the heart
• Systolic: Reflects the amount of pressure it
takes for the left ventricle of the heart to
compress or push oxygenated blood out into
the blood vessels.
• Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is
allowing the heart to take in blood to be
oxygenated before the next contraction.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Blood Pressure- cont’d
Blood pressure readings
• Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic
Blood pressure equipment
• Sphygmomanometer
• Cuff
• Rubber bulb
• Stethoscope
• Automated blood pressure
Korotkoff sounds
• Five phases of sounds
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Additional Techniques
Electrocardiogram: A graph or tracing of
the heart’s activity
• Cardiac cycle
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.