Transcript Cardiovascular System Live Show

CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESSTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ?
•Circulates blood through the body
•Transports water, oxygen and food to cells
and removes wastes from the cells.
•Helps fight disease
•Helps maintain the correct body temperature
CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS is the ability to
exercise the entire body for long periods of
time.
It requires a strong heart and clear blood
vessels to supply the muscles with plenty of
oxygen via the blood.
Cardiovascular fitness has some benefit to all
sportspeople as it concerns the fitness of the
most important muscle in the body- THE
HEART
THE HEART
The heart is a muscular pump. It is divided into
two halves by a central partition called the
SEPTUM. It has four main chambers to it.
Each half is then also divided by valves into an
ATRIUM above (A for above) and a
VENTRICLE below.
We therefore have a right and left ATRIUM
and a right and left VENTRICLE.
How the Heart works.
USING YOUR DIAGRAM OF THE HEART
LETS PLOT HOW THE HEART WORKS AS A
DOUBLE CIRCULATORY PUMP SYSTEM.
YOUR DIAGRAM SHOULD LOOK
SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
BLOOD VESSELS
There are 3 vessel types:-
1. Arteries
2.Veins
3.Capillaries
ARTERIES
The wall of the heart is supplied with blood
from two small vessels called the coronary
ARTERIES. These can be blocked by blood
clots and when this happens blood supplied to
part of the heart wall is cut off, resulting in
sudden death.
The structure of ARTERIES, VEINS and
CAPILLARIES is different.
The ARTERIES have a relatively thick wall.
Most ARTERIES and ARTERIOLES (very small
arteries) carry oxygenated blood away from
the heart.
They pulsate as the heart beats.
They are more elastic than VEINS and also
have higher pressure.
The PULMONARY ARTERIES are different,
they carry de-oxygenated blood from the
heart to the lungs.
Any vessel LEAVING the heart is called an
ARTERY.
VEINS
VEINS carry de-oxygenated blood to the
heart.
They have much thinner walls than arteries.
They contain many VALVES which keep deoxygenated blood flowing to the heart and
avoid the possibility of blood flowing
backwards.
VEINS rarely pulsate.
They are less elastic than arteries.
They carry blood at a lower pressure.
The PULMONARY VEINS, which leave the
lungs on the way to the heart, are different
from other veins, they carry oxygenated blood.
Any vessel ENTERING the heart is called a
VEIN.
CAPILLARIES
CAPILLARIES are vessels that link the
ARTERIES with the VEINS.
At one end they carry oxygenated blood which
transfers supplies of oxygen and nutrients to
the muscles.
At the other end CAPILLARIES pick up waste
and so carry de-oxygenated blood into the
VEINS.
TO SUM UP THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
CAPILLARIES, VEINS AND ARTERIES.
COPY THE DIAGRAM ON THE NEXT SLIDE
AND FILL IN ALL THE MISSING DETAILS.
SMOKING
The ARTERIES need to be clear and free from
obstruction in order to carry blood and
supplies to the working muscles.
But these passageways can be blocked by lipids
which can be caused by smoking.
Nicotine, one of the main components of
tobacco, affects the nervous system, which
controls the HEART RATE.
HEART RATE increases which raises BLOOD
PRESSURE.
Other conditions associated with smoking
include CHD and STROKES.
It is said that risk of a heart attack is
decreased after the smoker has stopped
smoking for one year.
WHY DO WE NEED TO TAKE OUR
BLOOD PRESSURE ?
If you go to a doctor for a check up, you are
very likely to have your blood pressure
checked.
WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE ?
As you get older the blood vessel walls become
less elastic and the small vessels do not
expand to let through the blood pumped from
the heart.
This means that resistance to the flow of
blood is increased and this means that blood
pressure rises.
Blood pressure varies with:
1. AGE
2.GENDER
3.ALTITUDE
4.MUSCULAR DEVELOPMENT
5.STRESS
6.TIREDNESS
What can I do to reduce the risk of
high blood pressure ?
1. Check your weight
2.Limit your alcohol consumption
3.Avoid smoking
4.In some people too much salt may unbalance
the body chemistry and affect blood
pressure.
5.Avoid situations that cause stress, anxiety
or worry.
6. Exercise regularly- this will help to control
stress, keep your blood pressure normal and
your whole system in good shape.
REVISION