Transcript Non-Infectious Diseases

Non-Infectious Diseases
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
 Cannot be transmitted to other people
 Risk factors:
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Genetics
 Life-style
 Environmental factors
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Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
 Congenital disease is present at birth
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Others don’t show up until later in life
Familial Disease Tendency
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Disease runs in family
Genetic Risk Factors

Recessive gene
disorders
Need recessive gene from
both parents
 Can be a carrier
 Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell
anemia
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Down syndrome
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Born with extra
chromosome
Genetic Risk Factors

Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome
(female)
 Can be recessive in females
 Color blindness, hemophilia,
& muscular dystrophy
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Environmental Risk Factors
Pollution
 Smoke
 Sunlight
 Radiation
 Altitude
 Water
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Lifestyle Risk Factors
Diet
 Obesity
 Exercise
 Alcohol
 Tobacco
 Stress
 Sleep
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Leading Cause of Death in US
1.
2.
3.
Heart disease: 631,636
Cancer: 559,888
Stroke : 137,119
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(CDC, 2006)
Cardiovascular Disease
Disease of Cardiovascular system
 CV system is…

Heart
 Blood Vessels
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 Arteries
 Vein
 Capillaries
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Blood
Types of CV Disease
Hypertension
 Arteriosclerosis
 Atherosclerosis
 Heart Attack
 Stroke
 Arrhythmias
 Heart Valve Disorder
 Varicose Veins
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Hypertension
High Blood Pressure
 Normal=120/80
 Over 120/80= At risk
 High=150/90
 Thickening of blood vessel walls
 Narrows passageways for blood
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Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the
arteries
 Narrows blood
vessels & blocks
blood flow
 Atherosclerosis
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Fat deposits in
blood vessels
Heart Attack
Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells
 Coronary heart disease
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Blockage of coronary arteries
 Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots
 Causes heart attack
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Cardiac Arrest
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Entire heart stops
Stroke
Disrupts blood flow to brain
 No oxygen to brain
 Brain cells die
 Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or
burst arteries
 Aneurysm
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Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst
Stroke
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Effects
Speech
 Senses
 Movement
 Memory
 Behavior
 Depending on side
of the brain
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Heart Valve Disease
4 valves in heart
 2 between atria & ventricle
 2 between heart & arteries
 Bypass Surgery
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Arrhythmias &
Varicose Veins
Arrhythmias
 Abnormal
heart beat
 Pacemaker
 Defibrillator
Varicose Veins
•Large blue
veins
•One-way
valves don’t
work
Testing & Diagnosis
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Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG)
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Stress Test
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Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats
ECG during exercise
Chest X-Ray
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Picture of heart
Prevention
Don’t smoke
 Exercise regularly
 Manage stress
 Manage diet
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Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol
 Replace red meat with chicken and fish
 Eat more fruits & veggies
 Avoid sweets, oils, & fats
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Videos
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnK1Kv
3XkZI
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7F52Iy
eINk
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3QuU
Mt9cao
Discussion
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Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are
they different? How are they similar?
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Describe angiogenesis. What does it do?
Why does this help increase heart health?
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Describe the symptoms of heart disease.
What is Cancer?
Define the 5 different types of cancer?
 What is the difference between benign &
malignant tumors?
 What is metastasis? How does it occur?
 What causes cancer?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_wRpa
2b5XI
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Cancer
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Types
Skin
 Lung
 Mouth
 Throat
 Leukemia
 Breast
 Colon
 Cervix
 Prostate
 Testicular
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Cancer
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Types Risk Factors
Skin
 Lung
 Mouth
 Throat
 Leukemia
 Breast
 Colon
 Cervix
 Prostate
 Testicular
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L, E, G
L, E,
L, E
L, E
L, E, G
L, E, G
E, G
L
L, G
L, G
Signs & Symptoms
Unexplained weight loss
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Pain
 Skin changes
 Thickening/ lumps
 Unusual bowel movements
 Unusual bleeding
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Diagnosis
Early detection!!!!!!!!
 Screening
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Self-test
 Pap-test
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 Cervical
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Colonoscopy
 Looks
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examination
inside colon
Biopsy
 Removal
of cell/ tissue for examination
Treatment
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Chemotherapy
Drugs that kill cancer cell
 Often taken in combination
 Pill or injection form
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Radiation Therapy
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Radiation can stop growth/
division of cancer cells
Surgery
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Removal of tumor or cancer
cells
Prevention
Avoid tobacco.
 Avoid alcohol.
 Protect against the sun.
 Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens.
 Increase fiber intake.
 Reduce fiber intake.
 Eat balanced diet.
 Self-test.
 Get regular physical activity.
 Surgery
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